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The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology. Research published in 2015 estimates the...

A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction. A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent...

Hawking radiation is the theoretical thermal black-body radiation released outside a black hole's event horizon. This is counterintuitive because once...

A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a...

Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light. These...

Luminiferous aether or ether (luminiferous meaning 'light-bearing') was the postulated medium for the propagation of light. It was invoked to explain the...

Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi Lagrangia or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier; 25 January 1736 – 10 April 1813), also reported as Giuseppe...

Cavitation in fluid mechanics and engineering normally refers to the phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's...

A Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic generator which uses a moving belt to accumulate electric charge on a hollow metal globe on the top of an...

A stellar core is the extremely hot, dense region at the center of a star. For an ordinary main sequence star, the core region is the volume where the...

The history of electromagnetic theory begins with ancient measures to understand atmospheric electricity, in particular lightning. People then had little...

Eugene Theodore Booth, Jr. (28 September 1912 – 6 March 2004) was an American nuclear physicist. He was a member of the historic Columbia University team...

A kugelblitz (German: [ˈkuːɡl̩ˌblɪt͡s] ) is a theoretical astrophysical object predicted by general relativity. It is a concentration of heat, light or...

In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually...

The nuclear drip line is the boundary beyond which atomic nuclei are unbound with respect to the emission of a proton or neutron. An arbitrary combination...

Erik Peter Verlinde (Dutch: [ˈeːrɪk ˈpeːtər vərˈlɪndə]; born 21 January 1962) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist. He is the identical...

Wendelstein 7-AS (abbreviated W7-AS, for "Advanced Stellarator") was an experimental stellarator which was in operation from 1988 to 2002 by the Max Planck...

In astrophysics, dark flow is a controversial hypothesis to explain certain non-random measurements of peculiar velocity of galaxy clusters. The actual...

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a technique applied to the spectroscopy of atoms and small molecules. In practice, a tunable laser...

Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry...