1934 United States elections

The 1934 United States elections were held on November 6, 1934. The election took place in the middle of Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term, during the Great Depression. In a historic midterm election, the Democrats built on the majorities in both houses of Congress they had won in the previous two elections.

1934 United States elections
1932          1933          1934          1935          1936
Midterm elections
Election dayNovember 6
Incumbent presidentFranklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic)
Next Congress74th
Senate elections
Overall controlDemocratic hold
Seats contested36 of 96 seats
(32 Class 1 seats + 5 special elections)[1]
Net seat changeDemocratic +9
1934 United States Senate special election in Montana1934 United States Senate special election in New Mexico1934 United States Senate special election in Tennessee1934 United States Senate special election in Vermont1934 United States Senate election in Arizona1934 United States Senate election in California1934 United States Senate election in Connecticut1934 United States Senate election in Delaware1934 United States Senate election in Florida1934 United States Senate election in Indiana1934 United States Senate election in Maine1934 United States Senate election in Maryland1934 United States Senate election in Massachusetts1934 United States Senate election in Michigan1934 United States Senate election in Minnesota1934 United States Senate election in Mississippi1934 United States Senate election in Missouri1934 United States Senate election in Montana1934 United States Senate election in Nebraska1934 United States Senate election in Nevada1934 United States Senate election in New Jersey1934 United States Senate election in New Mexico1934 United States Senate election in New York1934 United States Senate election in North Dakota1934 United States Senate election in Ohio1934 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania1934 United States Senate election in Rhode Island1934 United States Senate election in Tennessee1934 United States Senate election in Texas1934 United States Senate election in Utah1934 United States Senate election in Vermont1934 United States Senate election in Virginia1934 United States Senate election in Washington1934 United States Senate election in West Virginia1934 United States Senate election in Wisconsin1934 United States Senate election in Wyoming
1934 Senate election results

     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican hold
     Progressive gain      Farmer–Labor hold

     No election
House elections
Overall controlDemocratic hold
Seats contestedAll 435 voting seats
Net seat changeDemocratic +9
1934 House of Representatives election results

  Democratic gain   Democratic hold
  Republican gain   Republican hold

  Third party gain   Third party hold
Gubernatorial elections
Seats contested34
Net seat changeDemocratic +1
1934 North Dakota gubernatorial election1934 New Jersey gubernatorial election1934 Alabama gubernatorial election1934 Arizona gubernatorial election1934 Arkansas gubernatorial election1934 California gubernatorial election1934 Colorado gubernatorial election1934 Connecticut gubernatorial election1934 Georgia gubernatorial election1934 Idaho gubernatorial election1934 Iowa gubernatorial election1934 Kansas gubernatorial election1934 Maine gubernatorial election1934 Maryland gubernatorial election1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election1934 Michigan gubernatorial election1934 Minnesota gubernatorial election1934 Nebraska gubernatorial election1934 Nevada gubernatorial election1934 New Hampshire gubernatorial election1934 New Mexico gubernatorial election1934 New York gubernatorial election1934 Ohio gubernatorial election1934 Oklahoma gubernatorial election1934 Oregon gubernatorial election1934 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election1934 Rhode Island gubernatorial election1934 South Carolina gubernatorial election1934 South Dakota gubernatorial election1934 Tennessee gubernatorial election1934 Texas gubernatorial election1934 Vermont gubernatorial election1934 Wisconsin gubernatorial election1934 Wyoming gubernatorial election
1934 gubernatorial election results

  Democratic gain   Democratic hold
  Republican gain   Republican hold

  Progressive gain   Farmer–Labor hold

In the House of Representatives, Roosevelt's party gained nine seats, mostly from the Republican Party. The Democrats also gained nine seats in the U.S. Senate, thereby winning a supermajority. A Progressive also unseated a Republican in the Senate. This marked the first time that an incumbent president's party did not lose seats in both houses in a midterm election, followed by 1998 and 2002. The feat of the president's party seeing net gains in both the United States Senate and the governorships would not be observed again until 2022.[2] This was also the last midterm until 2022 in which the president's party did not lose any state legislative chambers or incumbent senators.

The election was perhaps the most successful midterm of the 20th century for the party in control of the presidency. Despite opposition from Republicans, business organizations such as the United States Chamber of Commerce, and disaffected Democrats who formed the American Liberty League, Roosevelt's New Deal policies were bolstered and his New Deal coalition was solidified. The election was critical in re-centering the Democratic Party in Northern, urban areas, as opposed to the party's traditional base in the South. Conservative Republicans also suffered major losses across the country. Future president Harry S. Truman won election as senator from Missouri during this election.[3]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ One Class 1 seat held both a regular election and a special election in 1934. This seat is not double-counted for the total number of seats contested.
  2. ^ "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1934" (PDF). U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  3. ^ Busch, Andrew (1999). Horses in Midstream. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 138–145.