The parameter space of massive axionlike particles (ALPs) with $m_a\sim \mathcal{O}(100)\mathrm{MeV}$ and coupled with nucleons is largely unexplored. Here, we present new constraints in this parameter region. In doing so, we characterize the supernova emissivity of heavy ALPs from a protoneutron star, including for the first time mass effects in both nucleon-nucleon Bremsstrahlung and pionic Compton processes. In addition, we highlight novel possibilities to probe the couplings with photons and leptons from supernova ALP decays.

• Received 5 December 2022
• Accepted 17 April 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.103017

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Published by the American Physical Society