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Detection of radio-AGN in dust-obscured galaxies using deep uGMRT radio continuum observations

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Abstract

Radio observations being insensitive to the dust-obscuration, have been exploited to unveil the population of active galactic nuclei residing in galaxies with large dust content. In this paper, we investigate the radio characteristics of 321 dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs; \(S_{24~{\upmu }\mathrm{m}}/S_{{ r}-\mathrm{band}}\,\ge \, 1000\)) by using mainly deep band-3 (250–550 MHz) observations from the upgraded giant metrewave radio telescope (uGMRT) and 1.5 GHz Jansky very large array (JVLA) observations. We find that for our sample of DOGs, deep (median noise-rms \(=\) 30 \(\upmu \)Jy beam\(^{-1}\)) 400 MHz band-3 uGMRT observations yield the highest detection rate (28%) among those obtained with the JVLA, and low frequency array (LOFAR) radio observations and XMM-N X-ray observations. The radio characteristics of our sample sources, i.e., linear extent (<40 kpc at \(z<1.2\)), bimodal spectral index (\({\alpha }_\mathrm{400~MHz}^\mathrm{1.5~GHz}\)) distribution and the radio luminosities (\(L_\mathrm{1.5~GHz}>5.0 \times 10^{23}\) W Hz\(^{-1}\)), suggest them to be mainly consist of compact-steep-spectrum (CSS) or peaked-spectrum (PS) sources representing an early phase of the AGN-jet activity in dust-obscured environments. With stacking, we find the existence of faint radio emission (\(S_\mathrm{400~MHz} = 72.9~\upmu \)Jy beam\(^{-1}\) and \(S_\mathrm{1.5~GHz}= 29~\upmu \)Jy beam\(^{-1}\) with signal-to-noise ratio \(\sim \)20) in otherwise radio-undetected DOGs. Our study reveals the faint emission at a few tens of \(\upmu \)Jy level in high-z DOGs, which can be used as a test-bed for the deeper radio continuum surveys planned with the square-kilometer array (SKA) and its pathfinders.

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Notes

  1. https://hsc.mtk.nao.ac.jp/ssp/survey/.

  2. https://casa.nrao.edu/.

  3. https://hsc.mtk.nao.ac.jp/ssp/data-release/.

  4. http://www.aips.nrao.edu/index.shtml.

  5. https://www.skatelescope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/16231-factsheet-telescopes-v71.pdf.

  6. https://www.evlbi.org/.

  7. https://www.e-merlin.ac.uk/index.html.

  8. https://science.nrao.edu/facilities/vlba.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewer for useful suggestions that helped us to improve the manuscript. AK, VS and SD acknowledge the support from the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, funded by the Department of Space, Government of India. CHI and YW acknowledge the support of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under project no. 12-R &D-TFR5.02-0700. We thank the staff of GMRT who have made these observations possible. GMRT is run by the National Centre for Radio Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under NASA. This paper makes use of software developed for Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We thank the Rubin Observatory for making their code available as free software at http://pipelines.lsst.io/. This paper is based on data collected from the Subaru Telescope and retrieved from the HSC data archive system, which is operated by the Subaru Telescope and Astronomy Data Center (ADC) at NAOJ. Data analysis was in part carried out with the cooperation of Center for Computational Astrophysics (CfCA), NAOJ.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, India

    Abhijit Kayal, Veeresh Singh & Sushant Dutta

  2. Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, India

    Abhijit Kayal & Sushant Dutta

  3. National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, TIFR, Post Bag 3, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India

    C. H. Ishwara Chandra & Yogesh Wadadekar

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  1. Abhijit Kayal
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Correspondence to Abhijit Kayal.

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This article is part of the Special Issue on “Indian Participation in the SKA”.

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Kayal, A., Singh, V., Chandra, C.H.I. et al. Detection of radio-AGN in dust-obscured galaxies using deep uGMRT radio continuum observations. J Astrophys Astron 43, 84 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-022-09873-0

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