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Peach pomace: a potential probiotic carrier for fiber enrichment in milk

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Abstract

Industrial fruit processing generates abundant by-products that can be recycled or reused as a source of dietary fiber (DF). In this study, we aimed to extract DF from peach pomace (PP), an industrial waste, using an eco-friendly method called microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Physicochemical, antioxidant, and microbiological analyses were conducted on the DF samples. The DF exhibited a total phenolic content of 55.15 mg gallic acid/g and an antioxidant capacity of 62.5 mg Trolox/g. Microbiological analyses showed that all microorganism counts remained below the limit of detection. The potential prebiotic activity of the produced DF and commercial inulin was investigated under in vitro conditions, using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis as a test probiotic bacterium. Milk samples with varying levels of DF were inoculated with the probiotic bacteria, and microbiological enumerations, physicochemical analyses were conducted for 48 days. No significant difference in the enumeration results of milk samples with different DF levels was observed during the storage period for both probiotic bacteria. On day 48, samples inoculated with L. acidophilus had a count of 8.33 ± 0.22 log CFU/mL with 0.5% DF, while samples inoculated with B. animalis ssp. lactis had a count of 8.63 ± 0.20 log CFU/mL with 0.5% DF. The pH values decreased, and the titratable acidity values increased with the concentration of DF during storage. This research demonstrates that PP is an important natural source for DF production, and the obtained DF enhances the metabolic activity of probiotic microorganisms, making it a potential functional product with prebiotic properties.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Committee (Project No: 2019/99).

Funding

This work was supported by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Committee (Project No: 2019/99).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60150, Tokat, Turkey

    Hilal Meral, İkbal Savaş, Şeniz Karabıyıklı Çiçek & Aslıhan Demirdöven

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  1. Hilal Meral
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Contributions

HM: conceptualization, validation, investigation, writing-review & editing. İS: conceptualization, validation, investigation, resources. ŞKÇ: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing-review & editing, supervision. AD: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing-review & editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Hilal Meral.

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Meral, H., Savaş, İ., Çiçek, Ş.K. et al. Peach pomace: a potential probiotic carrier for fiber enrichment in milk. Food Measure 18, 1933–1946 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-02315-7

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