Bloodletting in Ancient Central Mexico: Using Lithic Analyses to Detect Changes in Ritual Practices and Local Ontologies

• Adams, J. L. (2014). Ground stone analysis: a technological approach. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Andrefsky Jr., W. (2009). The analysis of stone tool procurement, production, and maintenance. Journal of Archaeological Research, 17(1), 65–103.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Andrews, B., & Hirth, K. G. (2006). Patterns of stone tool consumption in Xochicalco’s civic-ceremonial core. In K. G. Hirth (Ed.), Obsidian craft production in ancient Central Mexico (pp. 241–257). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Aoyama, K. (1995). Microwear analysis in the southeast Maya lowlands: two case studies at Copan, Honduras. Latin American Antiquity, 6(2), 129–144.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Arnold, P. P. (1999). Eating landscape: Aztec and European occupation of Tlalocan. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.

  Google Scholar 

• Athie, I. (2001). La obsidiana del Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan. Tesis de licenciatura inédita, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (México).

• Awe, J. J., Gibbs, S., & Griffith, C. (2005). Stelae and megalithic monuments in the caves of western Belize. In J. E. Brady & K. M. Prufer (Eds.), The maw of the earth monster: studies of Mesoamerican ritual cave use (pp. 223–248). Austin: University of Texas Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Baltus, M. R., & Baires, S. E. (Eds.). (2018). Relational engagements of the indigenous Americas: alterity, ontology, and shifting paradigms. Lanham: Lexington Books.

  Google Scholar 

• Barba, L., Ortiz, A., Link, K. F., López Luján, L., & Lazos, L. (1996). Chemical analysis of residues in floors and the reconstruction of ritual activities at the Templo Mayor, Mexico. In M. V. Orna (Ed.), Archaeological chemistry: Organic, inorganic, and biochemical analysis (ACS symposium series 625) (pp. 139–156). Washington: American Chemical Society.

• Bar-Yosef, O., & Van Peer, P. (2009). The chaine operatoire approach in middle Paleolithic archaeology. Current Anthropology, 50(1), 103–131.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bird-David, N. (1999). “Animism” revisited: personhood, environment, and relational epistemology. Current Anthropology, 40(S1), S67–S79.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Blanco, M. (2015). Rituales en los conjuntos habitaciones de elite en Xochitécatl-Cacaxtla. Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México).

• Blanton, R. E., Fargher, L. F., & Heredia Espinoza, V. Y. (2005). The Mesoamerican world of goods and its transformations. In R. E. Blanton (Ed.), Settlement, subsistence, and social complexity: Essays honoring the legacy of Jeffrey A. Parsons (pp. 260–294). Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, the University of California.

  Google Scholar 

• Braun, G. V. (2015). Ritual, materiality, and memory in an Iroquoian village. PhD Dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada).

• Brumfiel, E. M. (1998). Huitzilopochtli’s conquest: Aztec ideology in the archaeological record. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 8(1), 3–13.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Brumfiel, E. M. (2001). Aztec hearts and minds: religion and the state in the Aztec empire. In S. E. Alcock, T. N. D’Altroy, K. D. Morrison, & C. M. Sinopoli (Eds.), Empires: Perspectives from archaeology and history (pp. 283–310). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Brumfiel, E. M. (Ed.). (2005). Production and power at Postclassic Xaltocan. México: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia/University of Pittsburgh.

  Google Scholar 

• Cabrera Castro, R. (2000). Teotihuacan cultural traditions transmitted into the Postclassic according to recent excavations. In D. Carrasco, L. Jones, & S. Sessions (Eds.), Mesoamerica’s Classic heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs (pp. 195–218). Niwot: University Press of Colorado.

• Carballo, D. M. (2004). El análisis de materiales líticas. In R. G. Lesure (Ed.), Tercer informe técnico parcial del proyecto: Investigaciones del Formativo en la región de Apizaco, Tlaxcala (pp. 1–15). Mexico City: Manuscript submitted to the Consejo de Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M. (2007). Effigy vessels, religious integration, and the origins of the central Mexican pantheon. Ancient Mesoamerica, 18(1), 53–67.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M. (2011). Obsidian and the Teotihuacan state. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology No. 21.

• Carballo, D. M. (2012). Public ritual and urbanization in Central Mexico: temple and plaza offerings from La Laguna, Tlaxcala. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 22(3), 329–352.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M. (2016). Urbanization and religion in ancient Central Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M. (2017). Daily life in Teotihuacan’s southern periphery. In M. H. Robb (Ed.), Teotihuacan: City of water, city of fire (pp. 124–129). San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and University of California Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M., & Barba, L. (2014). El informe técnico al Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia del Proyecto Arqueológico Tlajinga Teotihuacan, segunda temporada, 2013. Mexico City: Manuscript submitted to the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M., & Barba, L. (2015). El informe técnico al Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia del Proyecto Arqueológico Tlajinga Teotihuacan, tercera temporada, 2014–2015. Mexico City: Manuscript submitted to the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M., Barba, L., Ortíz, A., Blancas, J., Cingolani, N., Toledo Barrera, J. H., Walton, D., Rodríguez López, I., & Couoh, L. (2014). Suprahousehold consumption and community ritual at La Laguna, Mexico. Antiquity, 88(339), 141–159.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Carballo, D. M., Hirth, K. G., Hernández Sariñana, D., Buckley, G. M., Mejía Ramón, A. G., & Kennett, D. J. (2019). New research at Teotihuacan’s Tlajinga District, 2012-2015. Ancient Mesoamerica, 30(1), 95–113.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Carrasco, D. (1999). City of sacrifice: the Aztec empire and the role of violence in civilization. Boston: Beacon Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Carrasco, D. (2013). Sacrifice/human sacrifice in religious traditions. In M. Juergensmeyer, M. Kitts, & M. Jerryson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of religion and violence (pp. 209–235). New York: Oxford University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Castillo Bernal, S. (2013). Paisaje politico rural y modos de trabajo líticos en Tepetitlán, Hidalgo. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Charlton, T. H. (1984). Production and exchange variables in the evolution of a civilization. In K. G. Hirth (Ed.), Trade and exchange in early Mesoamerica (pp. 17–42). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Charlton, T. H., Nichols, D. L., & Otis Charlton, C. L. (2000). Otumba and its neighbors: Ex Oriente lux. Ancient Mesoamerica, 11(2), 247–265.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Clark, J. E., & Blake, M. (1994). The power of prestige: competitive generosity and the emergence of rank societies in lowland Mesoamerica. In E. Brumfiel & J. Fox (Eds.), Factional competition and political development (pp. 17–30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Clark, J. E., & Bryant, D. D. (1997). A technological typology of prismatic blade and debitage from Ojo de Agua, Chiapas, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica, 8(1), 111–136.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Cobean, R. H. (2002). A world of obsidian: the mining and trade of a volcanic glass in ancient Mexico. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburg. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

• Coe, M. D. (1977). Olmec and Maya: a study in relationships. In R. E. W. Adams (Ed.), Origins of Maya civilization (pp. 183–196). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Cowgill, G. L. (2015). Ancient Teotihuacan: Early urbanism in Central Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Crabtree, D. E. (1968). Mesoamerican polyhedral cores and prismatic blades. American Antiquity, 33(4), 446–478.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Deal, M., & Hayden, B. (1987). The persistence of pre-Columbian lithic technology in the form of glassworking. In B. Hayden (Ed.), Lithic studies among the contemporary highland Maya (pp. 235–331). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  Google Scholar 

• De León, J. P., Hirth, K. G., & Carballo, D. M. (2009). Exploring formative period obsidian blade trade: three distribution models. Ancient Mesoamerica, 20(1), 113–128.

• De Lucia, K. (2014). Everyday practice and ritual space: the organization of domestic ritual in pre-Aztec Xaltocan, Mexico. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 24(3), 379–403.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Descola, P. L. (2013). Beyond nature and culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Díaz del Castillo, B. (1963). The conquest of New Spain. Translated with an Introduction by J.M. Cohen. Middlesex: Penguin Books.

• Dobres, M. A. (2010). Archaeologies of technology. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34(1), 103–114.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Durán, F. D. (1971). Book of the gods and rites and the ancient calendar. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Drucker, P., Heizer, R., & Squier, R. (1959). Excavations at La Venta, Tabasco, 1955 (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin no. 170). Washington: Smithsonian Institution.

  Google Scholar 

• Evans, S. T. (1988). Excavations at Cihuatecpan: an Aztec village in the Teotihuacan valley. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology No. 36.

  Google Scholar 

• Fargher, L. F., Blanton, R. E., & Espinoza, H. (2010). Egalitarian ideology and political power in prehispanic Central Mexico: the case of Tlaxcallan. Latin American Antiquity, 21(3), 227–251.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Flannery, K. V., & Marcus, J. (2005). Excavations at San José Mogote 1: the household archaeology (memoirs no. 40). Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Fullagar, R. (1991). The role of silica in polish formation. Journal of Archaeological Science, 18(1), 1–24.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Fullagar, R. (2006). Residues and usewear. In J. Balme & A. Paterson (Eds.), Archaeology in practice: a student guide to archaeology analyses (pp. 207–234). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

  Google Scholar 

• García Cook, Á. (2003). Cantona: La ciudad. In W. T. Sanders, A. G. Mastache, & R. H. Cobean (Eds.), El urbanismo en Mesoamérica, México (1st ed., pp. 115–152). Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; University Park: Pennsylvania State University.

  Google Scholar 

• García Cook, Á., & Merino Carrión, B. L. (2005). Sobre tres elementos líticos con carácter ritual: Navajas de autosacrificio, navajas con cresta y cortadores o tranchet. In L. Gonzáles Arratia & L. Mirambell (Eds.), Reflexiones sobre la industria lítica (pp. 299–323). Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Golitko, M., & Feinman, G. M. (2015). Procurement and distribution of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican obsidian 900 BC–AD 1520: a social network analysis. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 22(1), 206–247.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gómez Chávez, S. (2002). Presencia del Occidente de México en Teotihuacán: aproximaciones a la política exterior del estado Teotihuacano. In M. E. Ruiz Gallut (Ed.), Ideología y política a través de materiales, imágenes y símbolos, Memoria de la primera Mesa Redonda de Teotihuacán (pp. 563–625). Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

  Google Scholar 

• González Obregón, L. (1912). Procesos de Indios idólatras y hechiceros. Mexico City: Publicaciones del Archivo General de la Nación, Vol. 3 Guerrero Hermanos.

• González Rul, F. (1979). La lítica en Tlatelolco (Colección Científica, Arqueología 74). Mexico City: Secretaria de Educación Pública, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Graulich, M. (2005). Autosacrifice in ancient Mexico. Estudios de cultura náhuatl, 36, 301–329.

  Google Scholar 

• Grove, D. C. (1987). Ancient Chalcatzingo. Austin: University of Texas Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Grove, D. C., & Gillespie, S. D. (2002). Middle Formative domestic ritual at Chalcatzingo, Morelos. In P. Plunket (Ed.), Domestic ritual in ancient Mesoamerica (pp. 11–19). Los Angeles: The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

• Haines, H. R., Willink, P. W., & Maxwell, D. (2008). Stingray spine use and Maya bloodletting rituals: a cautionary tale. Latin American Antiquity, 19(1), 83–98.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Healan, D. M. (1993). Local versus non-local obsidian exchange at Tula and its implications for post-Formative Mesoamerica. World Archaeology, 24(3), 449–466.

• Healan, D. M. (2009). Ground platform preparation and the ‘banalization’ of the prismatic blade in western Mesoamerica. Ancient Mesoamerica, 20(1), 103–111.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Healan, D. M. (2019). Altica’s obsidian industries and their place in early–middle Formative obsidian exploitation in Central Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica, 30(2), 279–294.

• Heyden, D. (1972). Autosacrificios prehispánicos con púas y punzones. Boletín INAH, 2nd Series, 1, 27–30.

• Hirth, K. G., Carballo, D. M., Dennison, M., Carr, S., Imfeld, S., & Dyrdahl, E. (2019). Excavation of an obsidian craft workshop at Teotihuacan, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica, 30(1), 163–179.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Hirth, K. G., & Flenniken, J. J. (2006). Appendix A: the analytical categories for Xochicalco’s lithic terminology. In K. G. Hirth (Ed.), Obsidian craft production in ancient Central Mexico (pp. 301–314). Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Hurcombe, L. M. (1992). Use wear analysis and obsidian: theory, experiments, and results (Sheffield archaeological monographs 4). Dorset: Dorset Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Hurcombe, L. M. (2008). Organics from inorganics: using experimental archaeology as a research tool for studying perishable material culture. World Archaeology, 40(1), 83–115.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ingold, T. (2006). Rethinking the animate, re-animating thought. Ethnos, 71(1), 9–20.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Jarquín, P. A. M., & Martínez-Vargas, E. (2004). Ritos y mitos prehispánicos nahuas en dos tumbas de La Campana, Colima. Estudios de Cultura Nahuatl, 35, 75–87.

  Google Scholar 

• Joralemon, D. (1974). Ritual blood-sacrifice among the ancient Maya: Part 1. In M. G. Robertson (Ed.), Primera mesa redonda de Palenque, part II (pp. 59–75). Pebble Beach: Robert Louis Stevenson School.

  Google Scholar 

• Joyce, R. A., Edging, R., Lorenz, K., & Gillespie, S. D. (1991). Olmec bloodletting: an iconographic study. In V. M. Fields (Ed.), Sixth Palenque round table, 1986 (pp. 1–12). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Joyce, R. A., & Gillespie, S. D. (2000). Beyond kinship: social and material reproduction in house societies. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Kardulias, P. N., & Yerkes, R. W. (2003). Written in stone: the multiple dimensions of lithic analysis. Lanham: Lexington Books.

  Google Scholar 

• Keeley, L. H. (1980). Experimental determination of stone tool uses: a microwear analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Klein, C. F., Guzmán, E., Mandell, E. C., & Stanfield-Mazzi, M. (2002). The role of shamanism in Mesoamerican art. Current Anthropology, 43(3), 383–401.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Kononenko, N. (2011). Experimental and archaeological studies of use-wear and residues on obsidian artefacts from Papua New Guinea. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum, Online, 21, 1–244.

• Kononenko, N., Torrence, R., & Sheppard, P. (2016). Detecting early tattooing in the Pacific region through experimental usewear and residue analyses of obsidian tools. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 8, 147–163.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Landa, D. (1941). Landa’s relación de las cosas de Yucatán: a translation, edited with notes by Alfred M. Tozzer (Vol. 18 of papers of Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University). Cambridge: Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology.

  Google Scholar 

• Lesure, R. G. (2014). Formative lifeways in central Tlaxcala, vol. 1: excavations, ceramics, and chronology. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, University of California, Los Angeles.

• Lesure, R. G., Borejsza, A., Carballo, J., Frederick, C., Popper, V., & Wake, T. A. (2006). Chronology, subsistence, and the earliest Formative of Central Tlaxcala, Mexico. Latin American Antiquity, 17(4), 474–492.

• Lesure, R. G., & Carballo, D. M. (2014). Tetel. In R. G. Lesure (Ed.), Formative lifeways in central Tlaxcala, vol. 1: excavations, ceramics, and chronology (pp. 51–70). Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology press, University of California, los Angeles.

• Levine, M. N., & Carballo, D. M. (2014). Obsidian reflections: symbolic dimensions of obsidian in Mesoamerica. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Lewenstein, S. M. (1981). Mesoamerican obsidian blades: an experimental approach to function. Journal of Field Archaeology, 8, 175–188.

  Google Scholar 

• Lewenstein, S. M. (1987). Stone tool use at Cerros: the ethnoarchaeological and use-wear evidence. Austin: University of Texas Press.

  Google Scholar 

• López Austin, A. (1988). Human body and ideology: concepts of the ancient Nahuas, volumes 1 and 2. Translated by T. Ortiz de Montellano & B. Ortiz de Montellano. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

• López Luján, L. (2005). The offerings of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan (Revised ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

• López Luján, L., & López Austin, A. (2009). The Mexica in Tula and Tula in Mexico-Tenochtitlan. In W. L. Fash & L. López Luján (Eds.), The art of urbanism: How Mesoamerican kingdoms represented themselves in architecture and imagery (pp. 384–422). Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection and Harvard University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Macneish, R. S., Nelken-Terner, A., & Johnson, I. W. (1967). The prehistory of the Tehuacán Valley, vol. 2: the non-ceramic artifacts. Austin: University of Texas Press.

• Maffie, J. (2014). Aztec philosophy: understanding a world in motion. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Manzanilla, L. (2017). Multiethnicity and migration at Teopancazco: investigations of a Teotihuacan neighborhood center. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Meehan, P. (2010). Blood, fire and fertility: human remains and ritual practices at the temple pyramid groups of Cantona, Puebla, Mexico. MA Thesis, University of Montreal (Canada).

• Meissner, N. J., & Rice, P. M. (2015). Postclassic Petén Maya bow-and-arrow use as revealed by immunological analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science, 64, 67–76.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Mendieta, G. (1945). Historia eclesiástica Indiana. Mexico City: Editorial Chávez Hayhoe.

  Google Scholar 

• Miller, M. E. (1999). Maya art and architecture. New York: Thames & Hudson.

  Google Scholar 

• Millhauser, J. K., Bloch, L., Golitko, M., Fargher, L. F., Xiuhtecutli, N., Heredia Espinoza, V. Y., & Glascock, M. D. (2017). Geochemical variability in the Paredón obsidian source, Puebla and Hidalgo, Mexico: a preliminary assessment and inter-laboratory comparison. Archaeometry, 60(3), 453–470.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Millon, R. (1973). Urbanization at Teotihuacán, Mexico, vol.1 , part 1: the Teotihuacan map: text. Austin: University of Texas Press.

• Millon, R., Drewitt, B., & Bennyhoff, J. A. (1965). The pyramid of the sun at Teotihuacán: 1959 investigations. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 55(6), 1–93.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Morrow, T. A. (1997). A chip off the old block: alternative approaches to debitage analysis. Lithic Technology, 22(1), 51–69.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Motolinía, F. T. (1979). Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España. Mexico City: Editorial Porrúa Sepan Cuantos.

  Google Scholar 

• Munson, J., Amati, V., Collard, M., & Macri, M. J. (2014). Classic Maya bloodletting and the cultural evolution of religious rituals: quantifying patterns of variation in hieroglyphic texts. PLoS One, 9(9), e107982. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107982.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Nichols, D. L. (2013). Merchants and merchandise: the archaeology of Aztec commerce at Otumba, Mexico. In K. G. Hirth & J. Pillsbury (Eds.), Merchants, markets, and exchange in the pre-Columbian world (pp. 49–83). Washington: Dumbarton Oaks.

  Google Scholar 

• Niederberger, C. (1976). Zohapilco, cinco milenios de ocupación humana en un sitio lacustre de la Cuenca de México (Colección Científica No. 30). Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Nielson, J., & Helmke, C. (2011). Reinterpreting the plaza de los Glifos, La Ventilla, Teotihuacan. Ancient Mesoamerica, 22(2), 345–370.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Overholtzer, L., & Bolnick, D. A. (2017). The archaeology of commoner social memories and legitimizing histories. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 24(1), 50–89.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Overholtzer, L., & De Lucia, K. (2016). A multiscalar approach to migration and social change at middle Postclassic Xaltocan. Ancient Mesoamerica, 27(1), 163–182.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Parry, W. J. (1987). Chipped stone tools in Formative Oaxaca, Mexico: their procurement, production and use (memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, no. 20). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Parry, W. J. (2002). Aztec blade production strategies in the eastern basin of Mexico. In K. Hirth & B. Andrews (Eds.), Pathways to prismatic blades: A study in Mesoamerican obsidian core-blade technology (pp. 36–45). Los Angeles: The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology University of California, Los Angeles.

  Google Scholar 

• Pastrana, A. (1998). La explotación azteca de la obsidiana en La Sierra de Las Navajas (Colección Científica 383). Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Pastrana, A. (2007). La distribución de la obsidiana de la triple alianza en la cuenca de México (Colección Científica 517). Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.

  Google Scholar 

• Pastrana, A., & Athie, I. (2014). The symbolism of obsidian in Postclassic Central Mexico. In M. N. Levine & D. M. Carballo (Eds.), Obsidian reflections: symbolic dimensions of obsidian in Mesoamerica (pp. 75–110). Boulder: University of Colorado Press.

• Pastrana, A., & Carballo, D. M. (2017). Aztec obsidian industries. In D. L. Nichols & E. Rodríguez-Alegría (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the Aztecs (pp. 329–341). New York: Oxford University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Pastrana Cruz, A., Fournier García, P., Parry, W. J., & Otis Charlton, C. (2019). Obsidian production and use in Central Mexico after the Spanish invasion. In R. T. Alexander (Ed.), Technology and tradition in Mesoamerica after the Spanish invasion (pp. 15–34). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Pedergnana, A., & Ollé, A. (2017). Building an experimental comparative reference collection for lithic micro-residue analysis based on a multi-analytical approach. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 25(1), 117–154.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Plunket, P. (2002). Domestic ritual in ancient Mesoamerica. Los Angeles: The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Plunket, P., & Uruñuela, G. (2002). Shrines, ancestors, and the volcanic landscape at Tetimpa, Puebla. In P. Plunket (Ed.), Domestic ritual in ancient Mesoamerica (pp. 31–42). Los Angeles: The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

  Chapter  Google Scholar 

• Plunket, P., & Uruñuela, G. (2005). Recent research in Puebla prehistory. Journal of Archaeological Research, 13(2), 89–127.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Plunket, P., & Uruñuela, G. (2012). Where east meets west: the Formative in Mexico’s central highlands. Journal of Archaeological Research, 20(1), 1–51.

• Rattray, E. C. (1993). The Oaxaca barrio at Teotihuacan. Puebla: Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de las Americas.

  Google Scholar 

• Robertson, I. G. (2008). ‘Insubstantial’ residential structures at Teotihuacan. Mexico: Resource document http://www.famsi.org/reports/06103/. Accessed 15 May 2014.

• Sahagún, F. B. (1963). Florentine codex: general history of the things of New Spain. Translated by C.E. Dibble & A.O.J. Anderson. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

• Schele, L., & Miller, M. E. (1986). The blood of kings: dynasty and ritual in Maya art. Fort Worth: Kimbell Art Museum.

  Google Scholar 

• Schiffer, M. B. (2011). Foundations of archaeological inquiry: studying technological change: a behavioral approach. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Semenov, S. A. (1964). Prehistoric technology: an experimental study of the oldest tools and artefacts from traces of manufacture and wear. New York: Barnes and Noble.

  Google Scholar 

• Serra Puche, M. C., Lazcano Arce, J. C., & García Méndez, M. B. (2014). Obsidian and household ritual at Xochitecatl-Cacaxtla. In M. N. Levine & D. M. Carballo (Eds.), Obsidian reflections: symbolic dimensions of obsidian in Mesoamerica (pp. 255–278). Boulder: University of Colorado Press.

• Sharer, R. J., & Traxler, L. P. (2006). The ancient Maya (6th ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Smith, A. L. (1982). Excavations at Seibal, Department of Peten, Guatemala: major architecture and caches (Peabody museum memoirs 15). Cambridge: Peabody Museum, Harvard University.

  Google Scholar 

• Smith, M. E. (2002). Domestic ritual at Aztec provincial sites in Morelos. In P. Plunket (Ed.), Domestic ritual in ancient Mesoamerica (pp. 53–114). Los Angeles: The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

  Google Scholar 

• Spence, M. W. (1981). Obsidian production and the state in Teotihuacan. American Antiquity, 46(4), 769–788.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Stemp, W. J. (2016a). Twist and shout: experiments in ancient Maya blood-letting by piercing with obsidian blades and splinters. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 9, 134–142.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Stemp, W. J. (2016b). Coastal Maya obsidian tool use and socio-economy in the late Postclassic-early Spanish Colonial period at San Pedro, ambergris Caye, Belize. Journal of Field Archaeology, 41(2), 162–176.

• Stemp, W. J., Andruskiewicz, M. D., Gleason, M. A., & Rashid, Y. H. (2015). Experiments in ancient Maya bloodletting: quantification of surface wear on obsidian blades. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 7(4), 423–439.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Stemp, W. J., Braswell, G. A., Helmke, C. G. B., & Awe, J. J. (2019). Technological, use-wear, and residue analyses of obsidian blades from Classic Maya burials at Pook’s hill, Belize. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.05.024.

• Stemp, W. J., Peuramaki-Brown, M., & Awe, J. J. (2018). Ritual economy and ancient Maya bloodletting: obsidian blades from Actun Uayazba Kab (Handprint Cave) Belize. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2018.07.003.

• Stoner, W. D., Nichols, D. L., Alex, B. A., & Crider, D. L. (2015). The emergence of early-middle Formative exchange patterns in Mesoamerica: a view from Altica in the Teotihuacan Valley. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 39, 19–35.

• Stuart, D. (1984). Royal auto-sacrifice among the Maya: a study in image and meaning. Res, 7(8), 6–20.

  Google Scholar 

• Stuart, D. (1988). Blood symbolism in Maya iconography. In E. Benson & G. Griffin (Eds.), Maya iconography (pp. 173–221). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Sugiyama, S. (2005). Human sacrifice, militarism, and rulership: materialization of state ideology at the feathered serpent pyramid, Teotihuacan. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Sugiyama, S., & López Luján, L. (2007). Dedicatory burial/offering complexes at the moon pyramid, Teotihuacan: a preliminary report of 1998-2004 explorations. Ancient Mesoamerica, 18(1), 127–146.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Tedlock, D. (Translator)(1985). Popol Vuh: the definitive edition of the Mayan book of the dawn of life and the glories of gods and kings. New York: Simon and Schuster.

  Google Scholar 

• Tiesler, V., & Cucina, A. (2006). Procedures in human heart extraction and ritual meaning: a taphonomic assessment of anthropogenic marks in Classic Maya skeletons. Latin American Antiquity, 17(4), 493–510.

• Tolstoy, P. (1989). Coapexco and Tlatilco: sites with Olmec materials in the Basin of Mexico. In R. Sharer (Ed.), Regional perspectives on the Olmec (pp. 85–121). New York: Cambridge University Press.

• Tolstoy, P., Fish, S. K., Boksenbaum, M. W., Vaugh, K. B., & Smith, C. E. (1977). Early sedentary communities of the Basin of Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology, 4(1), 91–106.

• Tylor, E. B. (1958 [1871]). Primitive culture. Vol. 1 Religion in primitive culture. New York: Harper and Row.

• Valentín Maldonado, N., & Pérez Roldán, G. (2012). Self sacrifice awls in Cantona, Pubela, Mexico. MRS Proceedings, 1374, 253–260.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• VanPool, C. C., & Newsome, E. (2012). The spirit in the material: a case study of animism in the American southwest. American Antiquity, 77(2), 243–262.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Vaughan, P. C. (1985). Use-wear analysis of flaked stone tools. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Walton, D. P., (2017a). The production, consumption, and function of stone tools in prehispanic Central Mexico: a comparative study of households spanning the Formative to Postclassic period. PhD Dissertation, Boston University (USA).

• Walton, D. P. (2017b). Lithic production and consumption patterns from the great platform at late Postclassic period (A.D. 1350-1525) Tzintzuntzan, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology, 42(2), 97–114.

• Walton, D. P. (2019a). An experimental program for obsidian use-wear analysis in central Mexican archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 26(3), 895–942.

• Walton, D. P. (2019b). Results from high-magnification use-wear analysis on obsidian tools from the Aztec city of Otumba. Technical report submitted to Dartmouth College.

• Walton, D. P., & Carballo, D. M. (2016). Lithic economies and community organization at La Laguna, Tlaxcala. Ancient Mesoamerica, 27(1), 109–132.

• Yerkes, R. W. (1993). Methods of manufacturing shell beads at prehistoric Mississippian sites in southeastern North America. In P. C. Anderson, S. Beyries, M. Otte, & H. Plisson (Eds.), Tracéologie et Fonction: Le geste retrouvé (pp. 235–242). Liège: Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l’Université de Liège; Paris: Centre de Recherches Archéologiques du CNRS.

Download references