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Sorafenib for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

Background

Sorafenib, a drug that inhibits Raf serine/threonine kinases mediating cell proliferation and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in angiogenesis, is approved for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aims

To explore the efficacy and safety of sorafenib for treating advanced HCC, and to identify clinical factors that might affect that efficacy and safety.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines to identify prospective studies on sorafenib used alone or in combination with systemic and/or loco regional anti-tumor therapy for treating advanced HCC.

Results

We identified 21 prospective trials of sorafenib treatment alone (7) or combined with other treatment (14). In randomized, placebo-controlled trials, sorafenib prolonged overall survival by 2.3–2.8 months, extended the time to tumor progression by 1.4–2.7 months, and increased disease control by 11–19 %. OS and DCRs were lowest for studies with the highest percentage of hepatitis B patients. Most studies reported major side effects (diarrhea, fatigue, and hand–foot syndrome) in <15 % of patients, with greater incidence in patients with advanced cirrhosis and those treated with sorafenib in combination with 5-FU drugs.

Conclusions

Treatment with sorafenib results in statistically significant, but clinically modest, improvements in OS, TTP, and DCR. For patients with hepatitis B, response seems to be poorer than for those with hepatitis C. The frequency of hand–foot syndrome seems to be higher when sorafenib is used in advanced cirrhosis and is combined with 5-FU drugs. It is not clear that sorafenib combined with other treatments is more effective than sorafenib alone.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Office of Medical Research, Department of Veterans Affairs, and the National Institutes of Health (R01-CA134571).

Conflict of interest

There is no financial or personal interest to report.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, VA North Texas Healthcare System, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA

    Bingru Xie, David H. Wang & Stuart Jon Spechler

  2. Division of Gastroenterology (111B1), Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX, 75216, USA

    Bingru Xie

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  1. Bingru Xie
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Correspondence to Bingru Xie.

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Xie, B., Wang, D.H. & Spechler, S.J. Sorafenib for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Dig Dis Sci 57, 1122–1129 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2136-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2136-1

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