Abstract
This study investigates the persuasive advertising and informative advertising effects of CSR initiatives on corporate reputation and brand equity based on the evidence from the life insurance industry in Taiwan. The study finds, first, policyholders’ perceptions concerning the CSR initiatives of life insurance companies have positive effects on customer satisfaction, corporate reputation, and brand equity. Second, the advertising effects of the CSR initiatives on corporate reputation are only informative. Third, the impacts of CSR initiatives on brand equity include informative advertising and persuasive advertising effects. This study contributes the literature by explicit defining the advertising effects of CSR initiatives. Following the first step made by McWilliams et al. (Journal of Management Studies 43(1):1–18, 2006), the hypotheses of this study crystallize their conceptual framework. The obtained results in this research first identify the informative advertising effects and persuasive advertising effects of CSR initiatives.
![](https://cdn.statically.io/img/media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs10551-011-1118-0/MediaObjects/10551_2011_1118_Fig1_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
This paragraph was added based on the comments of the anonymous JBE reviewer.
References
Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing brand equity. New York: Free Press.
Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38(3), 102–120.
Ambler, T. (1992). Need-to-know-marketing. London: Century Business.
Ambler, T. (1997). How much of brand equity is explained by trust? Management Decision, 35(3/4), 283–292.
Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 12(2), 125–143.
Andrews, J. C., Netemeyer, R., Burton, S., Moberg, P., & Christainsen, A. (2004). Understanding adolescent intentions to smoke: An examination of relationships among social influences, prior trial behaviors, and antitobacco campaign advertising. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 110–123.
Athanassopoulos, A. D. (2000). Customer satisfaction cues to support market segmentation and explain switching behavior. Journal of Business Research, 47, 191–207.
Bagozzi, R. P. (1992). The self-regulation of attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 178–204.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator- mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
Basu, K., & Palazzo, G. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: A process model of sensemaking. Academy of Management Review, 33(1), 122–136.
Bharadwaj, S. G., Varadarajan, P. R., & Fahy, J. (1993). Sustainable competitive advantage in service industries: A conceptual model and research propositions. Journal of Marketing, 57(4), 83–99.
Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer–company identification: A framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76–88.
Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2004). Doing better at doing good: When, why, and how consumers respond to social initiatives. California Management Review, 47(1), 9–24.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability. Sociological Methodology, 20, 115–140.
Bontis, N., Booker, L. D., & Serenko, A. (2007). The mediating effect of organizational reputation on customer loyalty and service recommendation in the banking industry. Management Decision, 45(9), 1426–1445.
Bowie, N. E. (1999). Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Oxford: Blackwell.
Brady, M. K., & Robertson, C. J. (2001). Searching for a consensus on the antecedent role of service quality and satisfaction: An exploratory cross-national study. Journal of Business Research, 51, 53–60.
Brammer, S., & Millington, A. (2005). Corporate reputation and philanthropy: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 61, 29–44.
Brickley, J., Smith, C., & Zimmerman, J. (2002). Business ethics and organizational architecture. Journal of Banking & Finance, 26, 1821–1835.
Carmines, E., & McIver, J. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In G. Bohrnstedt & E. Borgatta (Eds.), Social measurement: Current issues (pp. 65–115). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Cochran, P. L., & Wood, R. A. (1984). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27(1), 42–56.
Cronin, J. J., Jr., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). Accessing the effects of quality, value and customer satisfaction on consumer behavior intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193–218.
Crum, R. L., Brigham, E. F., & Houston, J. F. (2005). Foundations of international finance (1st ed.). Ohio: South-Western, Thomson.
Deephouse, D. L. (2000). Media reputation as a strategic resource: An integration of mass communication and resource-based theories. Journal of Management, 26(6), 1091–1112.
Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). The effects of price, brand and store information on buyers’ product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(4), 307–319.
Donio, J., Massari, P., & Passinate, G. (2006). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in a digital environment: An empirical test. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(7), 445–457.
Farquhar, P. (1989). Managing brand equity. Marketing Research, 1(3), 24–33.
Fombrun, C. J. (2001). Corporate reputations as economic assets. In A. H. Michael, R. E. Freeman, & J. S. Harrison (Eds.), Handbook of strategic management. Blackwell: Oxford. doi:10.1111/b.9780631218616.2006.00014.x.
Fombrun, C. J. (2005). The leadership challenge: Building resilient corporate reputations. In J. P. Doh & S. A. Stumpf (Eds.), Handbook on responsible leadership and governance in global business (pp. 54–68). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Fombrun, C. J., Gardberg, N. A., & Barnett, M. L. (2000). Opportunity platforms and safety nets: Corporate citizenship and reputational risk. Business and Society Review, 105, 85–106.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39–50.
Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American customer satisfaction index: Nature, purpose, and findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7–18.
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Gardberg, N. A., & Fombrun, C. J. (2006). Corporate citizenship: Creating intangible assets across institutional environments. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), 329–346.
Godfrey, P. C. (2005). The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective. Academy of Management Review, 30, 777–798.
Hallowell, R. (1996). The relationship of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability: An empirical study. The International Journal of Service Industry Management, 7(4), 27–42.
Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599–610.
Hoppe, H., & Lehmann-Grube, U. (2001). Second-mover advantages in dynamic quality competition. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 10, 419–433.
Hunt, H. K. (1977). CS/D—overview and future directions. In H. K. Hunt (Ed.), Conceptualization and measurement of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction (pp. 7–23). Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.
Husted, B. W. (2005). Risk Management, real options and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(2), 175–183.
Joreskog, K. G., & Sorbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22.
Kim, H. R., Lee, M., Lee, H. T., & Kim, N. M. (2010). Corporate social responsibility and employee–company identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(4), 557–569.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
Lai, C. S., Chiu, C. J., Yang, C. F., & Pai, D. C. (2010). The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: The mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(3), 457–469.
Lane, V., & Jacobson, R. (1995). Stock market reactions to brand extension announcements: The effects of brand attitude and familiarity. Journal of Marketing, 59(1), 63–77.
Lange, D., Lee, P. M., & Dai, Y. (2011). Organizational reputation: An overview. Journal of Management, 37(1), 153–184.
Lichtenstein, D. R., Drumwright, M. E., & Braig, B. M. (2004). The effect of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 16–32.
Love, E. G., & Kraatz, M. S. (2009). Character, conformity, or the bottom line? How and why downsizing affected corporate reputation. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 314–335.
Luo, X., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and market value. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 1–18.
Lynch, J., & de Chernatony, L. (2004). The power of emotion: Brand communication in business-to-business markets. Journal of Brand Management, 11(5), 403–419.
Maignan, I., Ferrel, O. C., & Hult, G. T. M. (1999). Corporate citizenship: Cultural antecedents and business benefits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 455–469.
Maignan, I., Ferrell, O. C., & Ferrell, L. (2005). A stakeholder model for implementing social responsibility in marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 39(9/10), 956–977.
McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 117–127.
McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S., & Wright, P. M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 1–18.
Mohr, L. A., Webb, D. J., & Harris, K. E. (2001). Do consumers expect companies to be socially responsible? The impact of corporate social responsibility on buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(1), 45–72.
Myers, C. A. (2003). Managing brand equity: A look at the impact of attributes. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 12(1), 39–51.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Petrick, J. F. (2002). Development of a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the perceived value of a service. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(2), 119–134.
Pfarrer, M. D., Pollock, T. G., & Rindova, V. P. (2010). A tale of two assets: The effects of firm reputation and celebrity on earnings surprise’s and investors’ reactions. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1131–1152.
Porter, M., & Kramer, M. (2006). Strategy and society: The link between competitive advantage and corporate social responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 78–92.
Reinhardt, F. (1998). Environmental product differentiation: Implications for corporate strategy. California Management Review, 40(4), 43–73.
Roberts, P. W., & Dowling, G. R. (2002). Corporate reputation and sustained superior financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 1077–1093.
Rust, R. T., & Oliver, R. L. (1994). Service quality: Insights and managerial implications from the frontier. In T. R. Roland & R. L. Oliver (Eds.), Service quality: New directions in theory and practice (pp. 1–19). New York: Sage Publications, Inc.
Siltaoja, M. E. (2006). Value priorities as combining core factors between CSR and reputation—a qualitative study. Journal of Business Ethics, 68(1), 91–111.
Simon, C. J., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The measurement and determinants of brand equity: A financial approach. Marketing Science, 12(1), 28–52.
Smith, C. N. (2003). Corporate social responsibility: Whether or how? California Management Review, 45(4), 52–76.
Smith, W., & Higgins, M. (2000). Cause related marketing: Ethics and the ecstatic. Business and Society, 39(3), 304–322.
Sweeney, J. C., Soutar, G. N., & Johnson, L. W. (2001). Consumer perceived value: Development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77(2), 203–220.
van Birgelen, M., de Jong, A., & de Ruyter, K. (2006). Multi-channel service retailing: The effects of channel performance satisfaction on behavioral intentions. Journal of Retailing, 82(4), 367–377.
Varadarajan, P. R., & Menon, A. (1988). Cause-related marketing: A coalignment of marketing strategy and corporate philanthropy. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 58–74.
Wang, Y., Lo, H. P., & Hui, Y. V. (2003). The antecedents of service quality and product quality and their influences on bank reputation: Evidence from the banking industry in China. Managing Service Quality, 13(1), 72–83.
Washburn, J. H., & Plank, R. E. (2002). Measuring brand equity: An evaluation of a consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 10(1), 46–62.
Westbrook, R. A., & Oliver, R. L. (1991). The dimensionality of consumption emotion patterns and customer satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(1), 84–91.
Yoo, B., & Donth, N. (2001). Developing and validating a multidimensional consumer-based brand equity scale. Journal of Business Research, 52(1), 1–14.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the anonymous JBE reviewers for their comments on the prior version of this article, but assumes responsibility for all errors that remain.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
-
csr 1. My life insurance company is very concerned with local community.
-
csr 2. My life insurance company is very concerned with environment protection.
-
csr 3. My life insurance company is very concerned with policyholders’ benefits.
-
csr 4. My life insurance company is very concerned with the rights of female and disabled employees.
-
csr 5. My life insurance company actively participates in social initiatives.
-
csr 6. My life insurance company is committed to using a portion of its profit to help nonprofits.
-
csr 7. My life insurance company gives profits back to the communities where it does business.
-
csr 8. My life insurance company integrates charitable contributions into its business activities.
Customer Satisfaction (SAT)
-
sat 1. My choice to purchase the service offered by this life insurance company was a wise one.
-
sat 2. I think that I did the right thing when I purchased the service offered by this life insurance company.
-
sat 3. This facility is exactly what I need for this service.
-
er 1. The service offered by this life insurance company makes me feel good.
-
er 2. The service offered by this life insurance company gives me pleasure.
-
er 3. The service offered by this life insurance company gives me a sense of joy
-
er 4. The service offered by this life insurance company makes me feel delighted.
-
er 5. The service offered by this life insurance company gives me happiness.
Corporate Reputation (RP)
-
rp 1. This life insurance company has good reputation.
-
rp 2. This life insurance company is well respected.
-
rp 3. This life insurance company is well though of.
-
rp 4. This life insurance company has status.
-
rp 5. This life insurance company is reputable.
Brand Equity (BE)
-
baw 1. I can recognize this life insurance company among other competitors.
-
baw 2. I am aware of this life insurance company.
-
bas 1. Some characteristics of this life insurance company come to my mind quickly.
-
bas 2. I can quickly recall the symbol or logo of this life insurance company.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hsu, KT. The Advertising Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Reputation and Brand Equity: Evidence from the Life Insurance Industry in Taiwan. J Bus Ethics 109, 189–201 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1118-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1118-0