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Biogeographical patterns and areas of endemism for the Magellan region based on the distribution of crustacean species (Amphipoda, Copepoda, and Euphausiacea)

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Abstract

Patterns of endemism in marine researches have been traditionally inferred from approaches ignoring the spatial component of endemism of such patterns. In this contribution, we used a method based on an optimality criterion that evaluates the spatial congruence among the distribution of different taxa and provides a value of endemicity to a given area regardless of how that it was hypothesized. This method has been widely applied to land environments, whereas in the sea it has not been well explored yet. We analyzed the geographic distribution of three crustacean groups (Amphipoda, Copepoda, and Euphausiacea) to search for areas of endemism (AEs) in the Magellan region by applying an optimality algorithm. To summarize among numerous resulting AEs, we employed a meta-consensus criterion based on a clustering analysis. We identified three main AEs and, into most of them, we recognized smaller areas for the first time: Chiloé, Atlantic coast (with a smaller area in San Jorge Gulf and Cape Blanco), and Fueguia (Channels and Fjords, Malvinas/Falklands, Burdwood Bank, and South-West Atlantic transition area). Both Atlantic coast and Fueguia do not strictly match the provinces previously defined in the literature. Our study lays the foundation for a biogeographic scheme into the Magellan region and provides new insights on zones currently placed in marine protected areas for the southern tip of South America, such as Burdwood Bank, Yaganes, and Diego Ramírez-Drake Passage. Integrating distribution patterns of many other organisms for the Magellan region will certainly help reinforce the conservation measures currently implemented.

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adopted from Matano et al. 2010)

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas). Additional funding was provided by Grants CRN7030 from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant GEO-1128040). We thank Luciana Cabral for her help with language editing.

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  1. Anahí Brun and Mariana Griotti have contributed equally and should be considered co-first authors.

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  1. Departamento de Oceanografía, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval (SHN), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Anahí A. Brun

  2. Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA-CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina

    Mariana Griotti & Sergio A. Roig-Juñent

  3. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Marcelo E. Acha

  4. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina

    Marcelo E. Acha

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Supplementary file2 (PDF 1891 kb)—Consensus areas (CAs) (in yellow quadrants) recognized in each analysis performed in VNDM/NDM software. Analyses A and B were performed at 2.5°x2.5° grid size (CAs: A0-A7 and B0-B9), analyses C, D and E were performed at 2°x2° grid size (see C0 and C1, D0-D2, and E0-E8), analyses F and G were performed at 1°x1° (see F0-F5 and G0-G7). Red spots indicate species records. The numbers following letter means the number of consensus area recovered by the software in each analysis.

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Brun, A.A., Griotti, M., Roig-Juñent, S.A. et al. Biogeographical patterns and areas of endemism for the Magellan region based on the distribution of crustacean species (Amphipoda, Copepoda, and Euphausiacea). Polar Biol 43, 237–250 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02626-1

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