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Ultra-Deep Imaging: Structure of Disks and Haloes

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Outskirts of Galaxies

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 434))

Abstract

Deep imaging is a fundamental tool in the study of the outermost structures of galaxies. We review recent developments in ultra-deep imaging of galaxy disks and haloes, highlighting the technical advances as well as the challenges and summarizing observational results in the context of modern theory and simulations. The deepest modern galaxy imaging comes from three main sources: (1) surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Stripe 82 project; (2) very long exposures on small telescopes, including by amateurs; and (3) long exposures on the largest professional telescopes. The technical challenges faced are common in all these approaches and include the treatment of light scattered by atmosphere and telescope/instrument, correct flat fielding and the subtraction of non-galaxy light in the images. We review scientific results on galaxy disks and haloes obtained with deep imaging, including the detection and characterization of stellar haloes, tidal features and stellar streams, disk truncations and thick disks. The area of ultra-deep imaging is still very much unexplored territory, and future work in this area promises significant advances in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a more detailed description of the flat-field procedures used by the SDSS, see http://classic.sdss.org/dr5/algorithms/flatfield.html.

  2. 2.

    Peters et al. (2017) perform a careful PSF modelling to ensure that the observed haloes are not artefacts caused by the PSF.

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Acknowledgements

JHK thanks Sébastien Comerón and Carme Gallart for comments on sections of the manuscript. IT has benefitted from multiple conversations with and the hard work of many members of his team. In particular, he thanks Jürgen Fliri, María Cebrián and Javier Román. JHK and IT acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grants number AYA2013-41243-P and AYA2013-48226-C3-1-P, respectively. JHK acknowledges financial support to the DAGAL network from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/ under REA grant agreement number PITN-GA-2011-289313.

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  1. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200, La Laguna, Spain

    Johan H. Knapen & Ignacio Trujillo

  2. Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206, La Laguna, Spain

    Johan H. Knapen & Ignacio Trujillo

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  1. Johan H. Knapen
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  2. Ignacio Trujillo
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Correspondence to Johan H. Knapen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst de Astrofísica de Canarias, San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain

    Johan H. Knapen

  2. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA

    Janice C. Lee

  3. Dept. Astrofisica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Armando Gil de Paz

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Knapen, J.H., Trujillo, I. (2017). Ultra-Deep Imaging: Structure of Disks and Haloes. In: Knapen, J., Lee, J., Gil de Paz, A. (eds) Outskirts of Galaxies. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 434. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56570-5_8

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