When Facebook Is (Not) Enough: Hybridity in the Media and Political Strategies of Leftist Youth Organisations

• Bakardjieva, M. (2012). Reconfiguring the mediapolis: New media and civic agency. New Media & Society, 14(1), 63–79.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Banaji, S. (2008). The trouble with civic: A snapshot of young people's civic and political engagements in twenty-first-century democracies. Journal of Youth Studies, 11(5), 543–560.

  Google Scholar 

• Banaji, S., & Buckingham, D. (2013). The civic web: Young people, the Internet and civic participation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Banaji, S., & Cammaerts, B. (2015). Citizens of nowhere land. Journalism Studies, 16(1), 115–132.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Banaji, S., Mejias, S., Kouts, R., Piedade, F., Pavlopoulos, V., Tzankova, I., … Amnå, E. (2018). Citizenship’s tangled web: Associations, gaps and tensions in formulations of European youth active citizenship across disciplines. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 15(3), 250–269.

  Google Scholar 

• Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. London: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Beilmann, M., Kalmus, V., Macek, J., Macková, A., & Šerek, J. (2019). Youth in the Kaleidoscope: Civic participation types in Estonia and the Czech Republic. Sociální studia/Social Studies, 15(2), 11–33.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bennett, W. L. (2003). Communicating global activism: Strengths and vulnerabilities of networked politics. Information, Communication & Society, 6(2), 143–168.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Bennett, W. L., Breunig, Ch., & Givens, T. (2008). Communication and political mobilisation: Digital media and the organisation of anti-Iraq War demonstrations in the U.S. Political Communication, 25, 269–289.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research. Information, Communication & Society, 18(5), 524–538.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Cammaerts, B., Bruter, M., Banaji, S., Harrison, S., & Anstead, N. (2016). Youth participation in democratic life: Stories of hope and disillusion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Cammaerts, B., DeCillia, B., & Magalhães, J. C. (2017). Journalistic transgressions in the representation of Jeremy Corbyn: From watchdog to attackdog. Journalism, 21(2), 191–208.

  Google Scholar 

• Castells, M. (2012). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age. Cambridge: Polity Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Chadwick, A., Dennis, J., & Smith, A. P. (2016). Politics in the age of hybrid media: Power, systems, and media logics. In A. Bruns, et al. (Eds.), The Routledge companion to social media and politics (pp. 7–22). New York: Routledge.

  Google Scholar 

• Corbet, S., & Larkin, C. (2018). Populism and extremism: The immediate political challenges to Europeanism. Geoforum, 102, 218–221.

  Google Scholar 

• Cushion, S. (2007). Protesting their apathy? An analysis of British press coverage of young anti-Iraq war protestors. Journal of Youth Studies, 10(4), 419–437.

  Google Scholar 

• Dahlgren, P. (2009). Media and political engagement: Citizens, communication and democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Dahlgren, P. (2013). The political web: Media, participation and alternative democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

  Google Scholar 

• Digital News Report. http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/.

• Filimonov, K., Russmann, U., & Svensson, J. (2016). Picturing the party: Instagram and party campaigning in the 2014 Swedish elections. Social Media+Society, 3, 1–11.

  Google Scholar 

• Gurevitch, M., Coleman, S., & Blumler, J. G. (2009). Political communication—Old and new media relationships. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 625(1), 164–181.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Havlík, V., & Stojarová, V. (2018). Different faces of illiberal party politics in central and eastern Europe. In F. Bieber, M. Solska, & D. Taleski (Eds.), Illiberal and authoritarian tendencies in central, southeastern and eastern Europe (pp. 313–342). Bern: Peter Lang.

  Google Scholar 

• Hirzalla, F., & van Zoonen, L. (2011). Beyond the online/offline divide: How youth’s online and offline civic activities converge. Social Science Computer Review, 29(4), 481–498.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Iannelli, L. (2015). Hybrid politics: Media and participation. Los Angeles and London: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Jenkins, H., Shresthova, S., Gamber-Thompson, L., Kligler-Vilenchik, N., & Zimmerman, A. (2018). By any media necessary: The new youth activism. New York: NYU Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Karlsen, R., & Enjolras, B. (2016). Styles of social media campaigning and influence in a hybrid communication system: Linking candidate survey data with Twitter data. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(3), 338–357.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Linek, L. (2010). Zrazení snu? Struktura a dynamika postojů k politickému režimu a jeho institucím a jejich důsledky. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON).

  Google Scholar 

• Macek, J., Macková, A., & Šerek, J. (2018). Youth public and political: Young people as (ir)relevant actors in the realm of citizenship. Sociální Studia, 3, 5–7.

  Google Scholar 

• Macháčková, H., & Šerek, J. (2017). Does ‘clicking’ matter? The role of online participation in adolescents’ civic development. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(4), 1–16.

  Google Scholar 

• Macková, A., Štětka, V., Zápotocký, J., & Hladík, R. (2018). Who is afraid of the platforms? Adoption and strategies of use of social media by politicians in the Czech Republic. London: Routledge.

  Google Scholar 

• March, L., & Mudde, C. (2005). What’s left of the radical left? The European radical left after 1989: Decline and mutation. Comparative European Politics, 3(1), 23–49.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• McAdam, D., Tarrow, S., & Tilly, Ch. (2001). Dynamics of contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, communication, & participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation. Political Communication, 16(3), 315–336.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Mejias, S., & Banaji, S. (2017). UK youth perspectives and priorities for Brexit negotiations. Report for the All Party Parliamentary Group on a Better Brexit for Young People.

  Google Scholar 

• Mejias, S., & Banaji, S. (2018). Backed into a corner: Challenging media and policy representations of youth citizenship in the UK. Information, Communication & Society, 22(12), 1714–1732.

  Google Scholar 

• Melucci, A. (1996). Challenging codes: Collective action in the information age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

  Book  Google Scholar 

• Mitchell, A. (2018). Americans still prefer watching to reading the news—And mostly still through television. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/2018/12/03/americans-still-prefer-watching-to-reading-the-news-and-mostly-still-through-television/.

• Olsson, T., & Dahlgren, P. (2010). Young people, ICTs and democracy. Göteborg: Nordicom.

  Google Scholar 

• Strömback, J., & Van Aelst, P. (2013). Why political parties adapt to the media: Exploring the fourth dimension of mediatisation. International Communication Gazette, 75(4), 341–358.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Van Laer, J., & Van Aelst, P. (2010). Cyber-protest and civil society: The Internet and action repertoires in social movements. In Y. Jewkes & M. Yar (Eds.), Handbook of Internet crime (pp. 230–254). London: Willan Publishing.

  Google Scholar 

• Ward, S., & Gibson, R. (2009). European political organisations and the Internet. In A. Chadwick & P. N. Howard (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of Internet politics (pp. 25–39). London: Routledge.

  Google Scholar 

• Wayne, M., Henderson, L., Murray, C., & Petley, J. (2008). Television news and the symbolic criminalisation of young people. Journalism Studies, 9(1), 75–90.

  Google Scholar 

• Wells, C., Shah, D. V., Pevehouse, J. C., Yang, J., Pelled, A., Boehm, F., Lukito, J., … Schmidt, J. L. (2016). How Trump drove coverage to the nomination: Hybrid media campaigning. Political Communication, 33(4), 669–676.

  Google Scholar 

Download references