Table 3

Logistic regression analysis of relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), sociodemographics and other individual characteristics and compliance with, trust in and support for COVID-19 control measures

		Low trust in NHS COVID-19 information			Unfairly restricted a lot by government			Social distancing should end			Mandatory face coverings should go			Break restrictions at least occasionally			Vaccine hesitancy
		AOR	95% CIs	P value	AOR	95% CIs	P value	AOR	95% CIs	P value	AOR	95% CIs	P value	AOR	95% CIs	P value	AOR	95% CIs	P value
ACE count	0	Ref		<0.001	Ref		0.002	Ref		<0.001	Ref		<0.001	Ref		<0.001	Ref		<0.001
	1	1.46	0.90 to 2.37	0.123	1.13	0.76 to 1.67	0.549	1.22	0.76 to 1.98	0.410	1.80	1.10 to 2.94	0.019	1.34	1.05 to 1.73	0.020	1.29	0.83 to 2.02	0.254
	2–3	1.82	1.11 to 2.99	0.017	1.50	1.02 to 2.21	0.042	1.01	0.60 to 1.72	0.963	1.76	1.06 to 2.93	0.029	1.48	1.13 to 1.94	0.004	1.56	1.01 to 2.43	0.047
	4+	3.22	1.94 to 5.36	<0.001	2.19	1.44 to 3.33	<0.001	2.89	1.79 to 4.68	<0.001	3.57	2.14 to 5.94	<0.001	2.01	1.47 to 2.76	<0.001	3.11	2.00 to 4.82	<0.001
Age (years)	18–29	Ref		0.819	Ref		0.112	Ref		<0.001	Ref		<0.001	Ref		<0.001	Ref		<0.001
	30–39	1.05	0.48 to 2.30	0.897	0.78	0.44 to 1.37	0.378	0.88	0.45 to 1.71	0.706	1.51	0.79 to 2.88	0.214	0.66	0.44 to 0.98	0.041	0.82	0.48 to 1.40	0.465
	40–49	1.08	0.52 to 2.24	0.847	0.71	0.41 to 1.20	0.198	0.96	0.52 to 1.77	0.900	1.13	0.60 to 2.14	0.702	0.49	0.34 to 0.72	<0.001	0.51	0.30 to 0.88	0.015
	50–59	0.92	0.45 to 1.88	0.819	0.63	0.38 to 1.05	0.074	0.67	0.37 to 1.23	0.197	0.67	0.35 to 1.27	0.219	0.44	0.31 to 0.63	<0.001	0.41	0.24 to 0.69	0.001
	60–69	0.89	0.42 to 1.89	0.753	0.55	0.32 to 0.96	0.034	0.32	0.15 to 0.66	0.002	0.46	0.22 to 0.96	0.038	0.38	0.26 to 0.56	<0.001	0.29	0.16 to 0.53	<0.001
	70+	1.29	0.62 to 2.69	0.495	0.45	0.25 to 0.79	0.006	0.23	0.10 to 0.50	<0.001	0.27	0.11 to 0.64	0.003	0.22	0.15 to 0.34	<0.001	0.18	0.09 to 0.36	<0.001
Deprivation quintile	Least 1	Ref		0.024	Ref		0.012	Ref		0.275	Ref		0.157	Ref		0.031	Ref		0.010
	2	0.82	0.43 to 1.53	0.527	0.59	0.36 to 0.96	0.034	0.87	0.47 to 1.61	0.664	1.04	0.56 to 1.94	0.903	1.01	0.75 to 1.34	0.970	1.30	0.73 to 2.34	0.375
	3	1.14	0.63 to 2.06	0.666	0.84	0.54 to 1.32	0.451	1.36	0.77 to 2.39	0.285	1.28	0.71 to 2.34	0.413	1.07	0.80 to 1.43	0.631	1.76	1.01 to 3.05	0.046
	4	1.87	1.08 to 3.24	0.026	1.19	0.77 to 1.82	0.433	1.54	0.88 to 2.71	0.131	1.56	0.86 to 2.81	0.143	0.89	0.66 to 1.21	0.468	2.09	1.21 to 3.61	0.008
	Most 5	1.64	0.91 to 2.95	0.100	1.33	0.85 to 2.07	0.209	1.36	0.75 to 2.46	0.318	1.91	1.06 to 3.45	0.033	0.64	0.45 to 0.89	0.009	2.44	1.41 to 4.23	0.001
Sex*	Male	1.42	0.99 to 2.04	0.059	1.35	1.01 to 1.82	0.044	1.89	1.32 to 2.72	0.001	2.29	1.59 to 3.31	<0.001	1.28	1.05 to 1.57	0.016	1.37	0.99 to 1.91	0.060
Ethnicity*	Other	1.44	0.42 to 4.93	0.559	1.00	0.34 to 2.94	1.000	0.70	0.16 to 3.00	0.626	0.63	0.14 to 2.73	0.534	0.70	0.30 to 1.61	0.395	1.78	0.69 to 4.56	0.230
Had COVID-19*†	Yes	1.18	0.77 to 1.81	0.443	1.37	0.99 to 1.91	0.058	1.07	0.71 to 1.63	0.745	1.04	0.66 to 1.55	0.949	1.22	0.96 to 1.54	0.104	1.33	0.93 to 1.90	0.121
Chronic disease*‡	Yes	1.07	0.73 to 1.58	0.722	0.99	0.72 to 1.36	0.958	0.92	0.61 to 1.38	0.691	0.55	0.35 to 0.87	0.010	0.68	0.54 to 0.85	0.001	0.94	0.65 to 1.35	0.731

*Reference categories for sex, ethnicity, had COVID-19 and chronic disease were female, white, not had COVID-19 and not had a chronic disease respectively. Full wording of all questions is provided in online supplemental appendix table A1.
†Having had COVID-19 was self-reported, see the Methods section.
‡Chronic diseases included cancer, type II diabetes, heart disease and respiratory diseases, see the Methods section for details.
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; NHS, National Health Service.