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. 2022 May 10;9(1):199.
doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01332-3.

Global forest management data for 2015 at a 100 m resolution

Myroslava Lesiv  1 , Dmitry Schepaschenko  2   3 , Marcel Buchhorn  4 , Linda See  2 , Martina Dürauer  2 , Ivelina Georgieva  2 , Martin Jung  2 , Florian Hofhansl  2 , Katharina Schulze  5 , Andrii Bilous  6 , Volodymyr Blyshchyk  6 , Liudmila Mukhortova  3 , Carlos Luis Muñoz Brenes  7 , Leonid Krivobokov  3 , Stephan Ntie  8 , Khongor Tsogt  9 , Stephan Alexander Pietsch  2 , Elena Tikhonova  10 , Moonil Kim  2   11 , Fulvio Di Fulvio  2 , Yuan-Fong Su  12   13 , Roma Zadorozhniuk  6 , Flavius Sorin Sirbu  14 , Kripal Panging  15 , Svitlana Bilous  6 , Sergii B Kovalevskii  6 , Florian Kraxner  2 , Ahmed Harb Rabia  16 , Roman Vasylyshyn  6 , Rekib Ahmed  15 , Petro Diachuk  6 , Serhii S Kovalevskyi  6 , Khangsembou Bungnamei  15 , Kusumbor Bordoloi  15 , Andrii Churilov  6 , Olesia Vasylyshyn  6 , Dhrubajyoti Sahariah  15 , Anatolii P Tertyshnyi  6 , Anup Saikia  15 , Žiga Malek  5 , Kuleswar Singha  17 , Roman Feshchenko  6 , Reinhard Prestele  18 , Ibrar Ul Hassan Akhtar  19   20 , Kiran Sharma  15 , Galyna Domashovets  6 , Seth A Spawn-Lee  21   22 , Oleksii Blyshchyk  23 , Oleksandr Slyva  6 , Mariia Ilkiv  6 , Oleksandr Melnyk  6 , Vitalii Sliusarchuk  6 , Anatolii Karpuk  6 , Andrii Terentiev  6 , Valentin Bilous  6 , Kateryna Blyshchyk  6 , Maxim Bilous  6 , Nataliia Bogovyk  6 , Ivan Blyshchyk  24 , Sergey Bartalev  10   25 , Mikhail Yatskov  26 , Bruno Smets  4 , Piero Visconti  2 , Ian Mccallum  2 , Michael Obersteiner  2   27 , Steffen Fritz  2
Affiliations

Global forest management data for 2015 at a 100 m resolution

Myroslava Lesiv et al. Sci Data. .

Abstract

Spatially explicit information on forest management at a global scale is critical for understanding the status of forests, for planning sustainable forest management and restoration, and conservation activities. Here, we produce the first reference data set and a prototype of a globally consistent forest management map with high spatial detail on the most prevalent forest management classes such as intact forests, managed forests with natural regeneration, planted forests, plantation forest (rotation up to 15 years), oil palm plantations, and agroforestry. We developed the reference dataset of 226 K unique locations through a series of expert and crowdsourcing campaigns using Geo-Wiki ( https://www.geo-wiki.org/ ). We then combined the reference samples with time series from PROBA-V satellite imagery to create a global wall-to-wall map of forest management at a 100 m resolution for the year 2015, with forest management class accuracies ranging from 58% to 80%. The reference data set and the map present the status of forest ecosystems and can be used for investigating the value of forests for species, ecosystems and their services.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study design.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Biomes for sampling stratification (1 – boreal, 2 – temperate, 3 – sub-tropical and tropical).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Screenshot of the Geo‐Wiki interface showing a very high-resolution image from Google Maps and a sample site as a 100 mx100 m blue square, which the participants classified based on the forest management classes on the right.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Distribution of reference locations.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Workflow overview for the generation of the Copernicus Global Land Cover Layers. Adapted from the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The predicted class probability by the Random Forest classification.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Forest management map with the following classes: 11 – Naturally regenerating forest without any signs of management, including primary forests, 20 – Naturally regenerating forest with signs of management, e.g., logging, clear cuts, 31– Planted forest; 32 – Plantation forests (rotation time up to 15 years), 40 – Oil palm plantations, 53 – Agroforestry. Six areas distributed across different continents are provided with more detailed insets: (1) planted forests in Portugal; (2) planted forests in Washington state, the USA and Vancouver Island; (3) Brazil; (4) Plantation forests in Eswatini, South Africa; (5) Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra; (6) planted forest in Russia and Kazakhstan.
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