Sex-Related Characteristics of the Face
- PMID: 35750525
- DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.04.012
Sex-Related Characteristics of the Face
Abstract
The face is central to individual identity and gender presentation. Sex-based differences are seen at nearly every component of the face, from craniofacial structure to skin and soft tissue distribution. This article provides a framework for identification and analysis of sex-based differences in facial anatomy. This can then be used to guide individualized approaches to surgical planning to create greater congruence between patients' existing physical features and goals for gender expression.
Keywords: Facial analysis; Facial feminization surgery; Facial masculinization surgery; Facial sex characteristics; Gender.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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