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Review
. 2021 Mar 22;18(6):3285.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063285.

A Systematic Review of the Development and Psychometric Properties of Loneliness Measures for Children and Adolescents

Aimée Cole  1 , Caroline Bond  2 , Pamela Qualter  2 , Marlies Maes  3   4   5
Affiliations
Review

A Systematic Review of the Development and Psychometric Properties of Loneliness Measures for Children and Adolescents

Aimée Cole et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

This paper reviews the three most commonly used measures of loneliness for children and adolescents (children: Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents [LACA] and Children's Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale [CLS]; adolescents: UCLA Loneliness Scale [UCLA] and LACA). Loneliness is a pertinent issue across populations and affects the mental health and academic achievement of children and adolescents. To date, there has been no thorough examination of the loneliness measures for this age group. We examine how each of the three measures was developed, and assess the psychometric properties of those measures, gaining insight into whether they are valid and reliable assessments of loneliness. Results suggest that the UCLA Loneliness Scale is the most popular measure of loneliness for use with adolescents, but it does not have robust psychometric properties for that group. For children, the CLS appears most suitable. Results of the review identify gaps in aspects of measure development, with no measure having been developed with children or adolescents. Implications for future loneliness measurement research are considered.

Keywords: adolescence; childhood; loneliness; measurement; psychometrics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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