Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Jun 8;12(6):860.
doi: 10.3390/life12060860.

Insights into the Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Abiotic Stress: Underlying Survival Strategies and Adaptation Mechanisms

Cuicui Miao  1 , Yuting Zhang  1 , Xuechun Bai  1 , Tao Qin  1
Affiliations
Review

Insights into the Response of Perennial Ryegrass to Abiotic Stress: Underlying Survival Strategies and Adaptation Mechanisms

Cuicui Miao et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important turfgrass and gramineous forage widely grown in temperate regions around the world. However, its perennial nature leads to the inevitable exposure of perennial ryegrass to various environmental stresses on a seasonal basis and from year to year. Like other plants, perennial ryegrass has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to make appropriate adjustments in growth and development in order to adapt to the stress environment at both the physiological and molecular levels. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of perennial ryegrass response to abiotic stresses is crucial for obtaining superior stress-tolerant varieties through molecular breeding. Over the past decades, studies of perennial ryegrass at the molecular and genetic levels have revealed a lot of useful information to understand the mechanisms of perennial ryegrass adaptation to an adverse environment. Unfortunately, molecular mechanisms by which perennial ryegrass adapts to abiotic stresses have not been reviewed thus far. In this review, we summarize the recent works on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of perennial ryegrass response to the major abiotic stresses (i.e., drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures) and discuss new directions for future studies. Such knowledge will provide valuable information for molecular breeding in perennial ryegrass to improve stress resistance and promote the sustainability of agriculture and the environment.

Keywords: Lolium perenne L.; drought; extreme temperature; molecular mechanism; salt; stress resistance gene.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic model of the perennial ryegrass response to drought stress. Abbreviations: DREB, dehydration responsive element binding; miR408, miRNA408; P5CS, pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase; INPS, myoinositol inositol 1-phosphate synthase; GOLS, galactinol synthase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HUB1, homology to Ub1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A schematic model of the perennial ryegrass response to salt stress. The arrow represents positive regulation, whereas the line ending with a bar represents negative regulation. Abbreviations: SOS1, Salt Overly Sensitive 1; NHX1, Na+/H+ antiporter 1; P5CS, Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase; PBSP, Brown Plant Hopper Susceptibility Protein; SUCS, Sucrose Synthase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; BAP, 6-benzylaminopurine; HKT, High-affinity Potassium Transporter; MYB, MYB transcription factor.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A schematic model of the perennial ryegrass response to cold stress. The arrow represents positive regulation, whereas the line ending with a bar represents negative regulation. Snowflake graphic represents ice crystals. Abbreviations: CBF, C-repeat binding factor; COR, Cold-Regulated; IRI, Ice Recrystallization Inhibition; AFP, antifreeze proteins.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A schematic model of the perennial ryegrass response to heat stress. The arrow represents positive regulation, whereas the line ending with a bar represents negative regulation. Abbreviations: Chl, chlorophyll; HSF, heat shock factor; HSP, heat shock protein; MT, melatonin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Gong Z., Xiong L., Shi H., Yang S., Herrera-Estrella L.R., Xu G., Chao D.Y., Li J., Wang P.Y., Qin F., et al. Plant abiotic stress response and nutrient use efficiency. Sci. China Life Sci. 2020;63:635–674. doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1683-x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Oumarou A.A., Lu H., Zhu Y., Alhaj H.Y., Sheteiwy M. The global trend of the net irrigation water requirement of maize from 1960 to 2050. Climate. 2019;7:124. doi: 10.3390/cli7100124. - DOI
    1. Morton M.J.L., Awlia M., Al-Tamimi N., Saade S., Pailles Y., Negrao S., Tester M. Salt stress under the scalpel-dissecting the genetics of salt tolerance. Plant J. 2019;97:148–163. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14189. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang Y., Guo Y. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms mediating plant salt-stress responses. New Phytol. 2018;217:523–539. doi: 10.1111/nph.14920. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ashraf M., Wu L. Breeding for Salinity Tolerance in Plants. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2011;13:17–42. doi: 10.1080/07352689409701906. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources