Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection

Xiao-Lin Jiang¹, Xue-Dong Song², Chao Shi³, Guo-Jian Yang⁴, Xue-Jun Wang⁵, Yu-Wei Zhang¹, Jie Wu⁶, Lian-Xiang Zhao⁷, Ming-Zhu Zhang⁸, Ming-Ming Wang⁵, Rui-Rui Chen⁹, Xue-Juan He⁹, Er-Hei Dai¹⁰, Hui-Xia Gao¹⁰, Yuan Shen¹¹, Gang Dong¹², Yu-Ling Wang¹³, Mai-Juan Ma¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan 056001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
³ Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China.
⁴ Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China.
⁵ Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China.
⁶ Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou 256613, China.
⁷ School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
⁸ State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
⁹ State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
¹⁰ Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
¹¹ Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China. Electronic address: sarayshen@163.com.
¹² State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China. Electronic address: donggang@bmi.ac.cn.
¹³ Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China. Electronic address: 1149497466@qq.com.
¹⁴ State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address: mjma@163.com.

PMID: 38896777
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114387

Free article

Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection

Xiao-Lin Jiang et al. Cell Rep. 2024.

Free article

. 2024 Jun 18;43(7):114387.

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114387. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Handan Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Handan 056001, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
³ Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China.
⁴ Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China.
⁵ Bioinformatics Center of Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100850, China.
⁶ Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Binzhou 256613, China.
⁷ School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
⁸ State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
⁹ State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
¹⁰ Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
¹¹ Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, China. Electronic address: sarayshen@163.com.
¹² State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China. Electronic address: donggang@bmi.ac.cn.
¹³ Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China. Electronic address: 1149497466@qq.com.
¹⁴ State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. Electronic address: mjma@163.com.

PMID: 38896777
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114387

Abstract

The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation of antibody binding and neutralization of sera from individuals with six different combinations of vaccination and infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86. We find that most individuals produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 2 months after infection or vaccination. However, compared to ancestral strain and BA.5 variant, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. The spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibody titers decrease in individuals without additional antigen exposure, and <50% of individuals neutralize XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86 during the 6-month follow-up. Approximately 57% of the 107 followed up individuals experienced an additional infection, leading to improved binding IgG and neutralizing antibody levels against these variants. These findings provide insights into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on immunity following repeated exposure.

Keywords: BA.2.86; CP: Immunology; EG.5.1; SARS-CoV-2; breakthrough infection; durability; neutralization; reinfection.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests.

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Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection

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Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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