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. 2021 Oct 19;13(10):3659.
doi: 10.3390/nu13103659.

Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Delays Progression of Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice

Li-Ya Lee  1 , Wayne Chou  2 , Wan-Ping Chen  2 , Ming-Fu Wang  3 , Ying-Ju Chen  4 , Chin-Chu Chen  5   6   7 , Kwong-Chung Tung  1
Affiliations

Erinacine A-Enriched Hericium erinaceus Mycelium Delays Progression of Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice

Li-Ya Lee et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

There have been many reports on the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, in which the most well-known active compounds found are diterpenoids, such as erinacine A. Previously, erinacine A-enriched Hericeum erinaceus mycelium (EAHEM) was shown to decrease amyloid plaque aggregation and improve cognitive disability in Alzheimer's disease model APP/PS1 mice. However, its effects on brain aging have not yet been touched upon. Here, we used senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice as a model to elucidate the mechanism by which EAHEM delays the aging of the brain. Three-month-old SAMP8 mice were divided into three EAHEM dosage groups, administered at 108, 215 and 431 mg/kg/BW/day, respectively. During the 12th week of EAHEM feeding, learning and memory of the mice were evaluated by single-trial passive avoidance and active avoidance test. After sacrifice, the amyloid plaques, induced nitric oxidase synthase (iNOS) activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-OHdG levels were analyzed. We found that the lowest dose of 108 mg/kg/BW EAHEM was sufficient to significantly improve learning and memory in the passive and active avoidance tests. In all three EAHEM dose groups, iNOS, TBARS and 8-OHdG levels all decreased significantly and showed a dose-dependent response. The results indicate that EAHEM improved learning and memory and delayed degenerative aging in mice brains.

Keywords: Hericium erinaceus; aging; memory; senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the experimental design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in mice brain after 13 weeks feeding. Low dose group (108 mg/kg/bw/day), intermediate dose group (215 mg/kg/bw/day), high dose group (431 mg/kg/bw/day). Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (n = 10). Groups with different letters denote significant difference between each group (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
iNOS activity in male mice brain after 13 weeks feeding. Low dose group (108 mg/kg/bw/day), intermediate dose group (215 mg/kg/bw/day), high dose group (431 mg/kg/bw/day). Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (n = 5). Groups with different letters denote significant difference between each group (p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
iNOS activity in female mice brain fed after 13 weeks feeding. Low dose group (108 mg/kg/bw/day), intermediate dose group (215 mg/kg/bw/day), high dose group (431 mg/kg/bw/day). Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (n = 5). Groups with different letters denote significant difference between each group (p < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
β-amyloid plaque in male mice (20× magnification). (A) = control (ddH2O), (B) = low dose (108 mg/kg BW/day), (C) = medium dose (215 mg/kg BW/day), (D) = high dose (431 mg/kg BW/day) (n = 5). Arrows indicate β-amyloid plaque.
Figure 6
Figure 6
β-amyloid plaque in female mice (20× magnification). (A) = control (ddH2O), (B) = low dose (108 mg/kg BW/day), (C) = medium dose (215 mg/kg BW/day), (D) = high dose (431 mg/kg BW/day) (n = 5). Arrows indicate β-amyloid plaque.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Mean area of β-amyloid plaque in male mice brain after 13 weeks feeding. Low dose group (108 mg/kg/bw/day), intermediate dose group (215 mg/kg/bw/day), high dose group (431 mg/kg/bw/day). Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (n = 5). Groups with different letters denote significant difference between each group (p < 0.05).
Figure 8
Figure 8
8-OHdG levels of mice brain after 13 weeks feeding. Low dose group (108 mg/kg/bw/day), intermediate dose group (215 mg/kg/bw/day), high dose group (431 mg/kg/bw/day). Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (n = 10). Groups with different letters denote significant difference between each group (p < 0.05).
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