Characterization of the Insular Role in Cardiac Function through Intracranial Electrical Stimulation of the Human Insula
- PMID: 33783847
- DOI: 10.1002/ana.26074
Characterization of the Insular Role in Cardiac Function through Intracranial Electrical Stimulation of the Human Insula
Abstract
Objective: The link between brain function and cardiovascular dynamics is an important issue yet to be elucidated completely. The insula is a neocortical brain area that is thought to have a cardiac chronotropic regulatory function, but its role in cardiac contractility is unknown. We aimed to analyze the variability in heart rate and cardiac contractility after functional activation of different insular regions through direct electrical stimulation (E-stim) in humans.
Methods: This was an observational, prospective study, including patients admitted for stereo-electroencephalographic recording because of refractory epilepsy, in whom the insular cortex was implanted. Patients with anatomical or electrophysiological insular abnormalities and those in whom E-stim produced subjective symptoms were excluded. Variations in heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) were analyzed during insular E-stim and compared with control E-stim of non-eloquent brain regions and sham stimulations.
Results: Ten patients were included, 5 implanted in the right insula (52 E-stim) and 5 in the left (37 E-stim). Demographic and clinical characteristics of both groups were similar. E-stim of both right and left insulas induced a significant decrease of the CO and HR, and an increase of the SV. E-stim of control electrodes and sham stimulations were not associated with variations in cardiac function. Blood pressure and respiratory rate remained unaltered.
Interpretation: Our results suggest a direct chronotropic and inotropic cardiac depressor function of the right and left insulas. The evidence of an insular direct cardiac regulatory function might open a path in the prevention or treatment of heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1172-1180.
© 2021 American Neurological Association.
Similar articles
-
Insular Role in Blood Pressure and Systemic Vascular Resistance Regulation.Neuromodulation. 2023 Jan 20:S1094-7159(23)00006-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.12.012. Online ahead of print. Neuromodulation. 2023. PMID: 36682902
-
How the insula speaks to the heart: Cardiac responses to insular stimulation in humans.Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Jun 15;40(9):2611-2622. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24548. Epub 2019 Feb 28. Hum Brain Mapp. 2019. PMID: 30815964 Free PMC article.
-
Electrical Stimulations of the Human Insula: Their Contribution to the Ictal Semiology of Insular Seizures.J Clin Neurophysiol. 2017 Jul;34(4):307-314. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000382. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2017. PMID: 28644200
-
The anatomy and physiology of cortical mechanisms of cardiac control.Stroke. 1993 Dec;24(12 Suppl):I3-5. Stroke. 1993. PMID: 8249017 Review.
-
The insular cortex and cardiovascular system: a new insight into the brain-heart axis.J Am Soc Hypertens. 2010 Jul-Aug;4(4):174-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2010.05.001. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2010. PMID: 20655502 Review.
Cited by
-
Uncovering Interoceptive Human Insular Lobe Function through Intraoperative Cortical Stimulation-A Review.Brain Sci. 2024 Jun 27;14(7):646. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070646. Brain Sci. 2024. PMID: 39061387 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Manipulation of Glutamatergic Neuronal Activity in the Primary Motor Cortex Regulates Cardiac Function in Normal and Myocardial Infarction Mice.Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 May;11(20):e2305581. doi: 10.1002/advs.202305581. Epub 2024 Mar 15. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024. PMID: 38488323 Free PMC article.
-
Integrative roles of human amygdala subdivisions: Insight from direct intracerebral stimulations via stereotactic EEG.Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 Jun 15;44(9):3610-3623. doi: 10.1002/hbm.26300. Epub 2023 Apr 19. Hum Brain Mapp. 2023. PMID: 37073861 Free PMC article.
-
Sodium Intake and Disease: Another Relationship to Consider.Nutrients. 2023 Jan 19;15(3):535. doi: 10.3390/nu15030535. Nutrients. 2023. PMID: 36771242 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy mouse models with implications for SUDEP research.Front Neurol. 2023 Jan 6;13:1040648. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1040648. eCollection 2022. Front Neurol. 2023. PMID: 36686527 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Benarroch EE. The central autonomic network: functional organization, dysfunction, and perspective. Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:988-1001.
-
- Cechetto DF. Cortical control of the autonomic nervous system. Exp Physiol 2014;99:326-331.
-
- Oppenheimer S, Cechetto D. The insular cortex and the regulation of cardiac function. Compr Physiol 2016;6:1081-1133.
-
- Nagai M, Hoshide S, Kario K. The insular cortex and cardiovascular system: a new insight into the brain-heart axis. J Am Soc Hypertens 2010;4:174-182.
-
- Lacuey N, Hampson JP, Theeranaew W, et al. Cortical structures associated with human blood pressure control. JAMA Neurol 2018;1:194-202.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources