Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies
- PMID: 33167080
- DOI: 10.1111/obr.13146
Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between consumption of ultraprocessed food and noncommunicable disease risk, morbidity and mortality. Forty-three observational studies were included (N = 891,723): 21 cross-sectional, 19 prospective, two case-control and one conducted both a prospective and cross-sectional analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with increased risk of overweight (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.51; P < 0.001), obesity (odds ratio: 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.70; P < 0.001), abdominal obesity (odds ratio: 1.49; 95% CI, 1.34-1.66; P < 0.0001), all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48; P = 0.001), metabolic syndrome (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12-2.93; P = 0.015) and depression in adults (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16-1.28, P < 0.001) as well as wheezing (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.55; P < 0.001) but not asthma in adolescents (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99-1.46; P = 0.065). In addition, consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with cardiometabolic diseases, frailty, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia and cancer (breast and overall) in adults while also being associated with metabolic syndrome in adolescents and dyslipidaemia in children. Although links between ultraprocessed food consumption and some intermediate risk factors in adults were also highlighted, further studies are required to more clearly define associations in children and adolescents. STUDY REGISTRATION: Prospero ID: CRD42020176752.
Keywords: NOVA; meta-analysis; noncommunicable disease; ultraprocessed food.
© 2020 World Obesity Federation.
Similar articles
-
Ultraprocessed food consumption and dietary nutrient profiles associated with obesity: A multicountry study of children and adolescents.Obes Rev. 2022 Jan;23 Suppl 1:e13387. doi: 10.1111/obr.13387. Epub 2021 Dec 9. Obes Rev. 2022. PMID: 34889015
-
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption is Strongly and Dose-Dependently Associated with Excess Body Weight in Swiss Women.Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021 Mar;29(3):601-609. doi: 10.1002/oby.23091. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021. PMID: 33624439
-
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and health outcomes: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Nutr J. 2020 Aug 20;19(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12937-020-00604-1. Nutr J. 2020. PMID: 32819372 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Association Between Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Mortality Among Middle-aged Adults in France.JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Apr 1;179(4):490-498. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7289. JAMA Intern Med. 2019. PMID: 30742202 Free PMC article.
-
Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet].Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Sep. Report No.: 18-05239-EF-1. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Sep. Report No.: 18-05239-EF-1. PMID: 30354042 Free Books & Documents. Review.
Cited by
-
U.S. food policy to address diet-related chronic disease.Front Public Health. 2024 May 16;12:1339859. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1339859. eCollection 2024. Front Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38827626 Free PMC article.
-
Association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the incidence of peptic ulcer disease in the SUN project: a Spanish prospective cohort study.Eur J Nutr. 2024 May 29. doi: 10.1007/s00394-024-03439-2. Online ahead of print. Eur J Nutr. 2024. PMID: 38809325
-
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with sustainable dietary behaviors, sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle: a cross-sectional study in US University students.Nutr J. 2024 May 27;23(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12937-024-00962-0. Nutr J. 2024. PMID: 38797846 Free PMC article.
-
Ultra-processed foods - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food Nutr Res. 2024 Apr 24;68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10616. eCollection 2024. Food Nutr Res. 2024. PMID: 38720949 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Lifestyle intervention for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a 24-h integrated behavior perspective.Hepatol Int. 2024 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s12072-024-10663-9. Online ahead of print. Hepatol Int. 2024. PMID: 38717691
References
REFERENCES
-
- Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Lawrence M, Costa Louzada ML, Pereira Machado P. Ultra-Processed Foods, Diet Quality, and Health Using the NOVA Classification System. Rome: FAO; 2019.
-
- Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Moubarac J-C, Levy RB, Louzada MLC, Jaime PC. The UN decade of nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):5-17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017000234
-
- Monteiro CA, Levy RB, Claro RM, Castro IRR, Cannon G. A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing. Cad Saude Publica. 2010;26(11):2039-2049.
-
- Aguayo-Patrón SV, Calderón de la Barca AM. Old fashioned vs. ultra-processed-based current diets: possible implication in the increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and celiac disease in childhood. Foods (Basel, Switzerland). 2017;6(11):100-116. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6110100
-
- Zinöcker MK, Lindseth IA. The Western diet-microbiome-host interaction and its role in metabolic disease. Nutrients. 2018;10(3):365-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030365 [published Online First: 2018/03/23]
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources