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Review
. 2020 Sep 14;12(9):e10453.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.10453.

Role of Mass Media and Public Health Communications in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Affiliations
Review

Role of Mass Media and Public Health Communications in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Ayesha Anwar et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

In Dec 2019, a novel pathogen emerged, and within weeks, led to the emergence of the biggest global health crises seen to date. The virus called 'SARS-CoV-2', causes coronavirus disease which was named 'COVID-19' by the World Health Organization (WHO). The speedy spread of this infection globally became a source of public worry and several unknowns regarding this new pathogen created a state of panic. Mass media became the major source of information about the novel coronavirus. Much like the previous pandemics of SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009), and MERS (2012), the media significantly contributed to the COVID-19 infodemics. In this review, we analyze the role of mass media and public health communications from December 31, 2019 to July 15, 2020, and make scientific inferences. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights multiple social, cultural, and economic issues arising from the media's arguable role. The racial prejudices linked to the origin of the virus prevented collaborations among scientists to find a solution. Media coverage of coronavirus news during geographical lockdowns, extended quarantines, and financial and social hardships induced fear and caused psychological stress. Domestic and elderly abuse upsurged. The unscientific cures and unverified medicines endorsed by the politicians and fake doctors proved harmful. The media played a worldwide role in coronavirus disease tracking and updates through live updates dashboard. The media allowed for timely interventions by the Center For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), enabling a rapid and widespread reach of public health communications. We saw an upward trend for the promotion of health and hygiene practices worldwide by adaption of safe health practices such as increased hand washing, use of face coverings, and social distancing. Media reinforced illness-preventing guidelines daily, and people were encouraged to use telehealth to meet their healthcare needs. Mass media has an imperative role in today's world and it can provide a unified platform for all public health communications, comprehensive healthcare education guidelines, and robust social distancing strategies while still maintaining social connections. It can enable equal access to healthcare, end discrimination, and social stigmatization. The role of media and public health communications must be understood and explored further as they will be an essential tool for combating COVID-19 and future outbreaks.

Keywords: communication in healthcare; covid-19; effects of social media; healthcare literacy; healthcare policies; infodemic; mass media; public health and safety; public healthcare; telemedicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Graphical representation of new COVID-19 cases and deaths per week from the first to 28th week of 2020, (Jan 1, 2020 - Jul 15, 2020).
Data taken from the Worldometer.
Figure 2
Figure 2. A Graphical representation of the social media mentions of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine.
We used the tool Awario.com to generate the drug mentions using keywords, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine, and created a bar graph showing the social media mentions of the two drugs before and immediately after President Trump’s tweet on March 19, 2020.

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