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. 2020 Jun 22;10(1):10120.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66954-2.

Risk-taking and fairness among cocaine-dependent patients in dual diagnoses: Schizophrenia and Anti-Social Personality Disorder

Gerardo Sabater-Grande  1 , Gonzalo Haro  2   3 , Aurora García-Gallego  4 , Nikolaos Georgantzís  4   5 , Noemí Herranz-Zarzoso  4 , Abel Baquero  2   6
Affiliations

Risk-taking and fairness among cocaine-dependent patients in dual diagnoses: Schizophrenia and Anti-Social Personality Disorder

Gerardo Sabater-Grande et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study reports experimental results from a clinical sample of patients with a cocaine-related disorder and dual diagnosis: Schizophrenia and Anti-Social Personality Disorder. Both types of patients as well as a non-clinical group of students performed two incentivized decision-making tasks. In the first part of the experiment, they performed a lottery-choice task in order to elicit their degree of risk aversion. In the second part, they decided in two modified dictator games aimed at eliciting their aversion to advantageous and disadvantageous inequality. It is found that the Anti-Social Personality Disorder group exhibits no significant differences from the non-clinical sample in either task. However, compared with the students' sample, subjects from the group with schizophrenia show more risk aversion and exhibit more aversion towards disadvantageous inequality.

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Conflict of interest statement

This work has been financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [grants ECO2015-68469-R and RD16/0017/0024, cofinanced with FEDER funds], Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [grant RTI2018-096927-B-I00], Universitat Jaume I [grant UJI-B2018-76], Research Foundation of the Hospital Provincial de Castellón (Ref. CAF-16-28; CAF-18-02) and the CEU Cardelan Herrera University (teaching research 2016 and 2017). N.H.-Z. is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte [grant FPU014/02966]. The first and second funding institutions provided support for experimental participant rewards, whereas the third provided salaries for N.H.-Z. respectively. None of the funders have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. N.G. is affiliated with a commercial company, Burgundy School of Business, which has only provided salary to this specific author and has not had any other involvement in the funding, the design, the scope or the publication process of this research. Furthermore, this commercial affiliation does not alter our adherence to Scientific Reports policies on sharing data and materials. Finally, no competing interests exist which could interfere with, or could reasonably be perceived as interfering with, the full and objective presentation, peer review, editorial decision-making, or publication of our research reported in this article submitted to one of the journals.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distributions of choices in panels 1 to 4 of the SGG lottery panel task for non-clinical subjects, patients with schizophrenia and with ASPD. Kolmogorov-Smirnov significance values: *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distributions of choices in panels 5 to 8 of the SGG lottery panel task for non-clinical subjects, patients with schizophrenia and patients with ASPD. Kolmogorov-Smirnov significance values: *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Choice distributions in AIA and DIA for non-clinical subjects, patients with schizophrenia and patients with ASPD. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test significance values: *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.
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