Is it all about Depression? Determinants of Burnout among Employees Referred for Inpatient Treatment of Job-Related Stress Disorders
- PMID: 31154931
- DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2019.65.2.183
Is it all about Depression? Determinants of Burnout among Employees Referred for Inpatient Treatment of Job-Related Stress Disorders
Abstract
Objectives: There is an ongoing debate as to whether job burnout and depression are overlapping concepts or differ from each other, although this has not been scrutinized in inpatients. To further elucidate the robustness of this relationship, we used three different measurements of depression. We further examined the influence of psychological distress, perceived stress and sleep quality in the link between depressive symptoms and burnout. Methods: We investigated 723 consecutive inpatients, aged 23 to 82 years, 51.2 % women, referred to a hospital specialized in the treatment of job stress-related disorders. Patients completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: We found significant correlations between burnout total scores as well as subscales (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, lack of accomplishment) and depressive symptoms, virtually independent of the applied depression measure. The shared variance ranged between 1.1 % and 19.4 %. Greater levels of burnout were directly associated with cognitiveaffective symptoms and, although to a lesser extent, also with somatic-affective symptoms of depression. In the multivariable analysis, significantly more total burnout symptoms were revealed in more depressed and younger patients, in men than women, and in employees with greater levels of psychological distress and perceived stress, respectively. Conclusions: The findings suggest that although burnout and depression do not represent the same psychopathology, there is considerable overlap between the two constructs; the extent of this overlap may vary depending upon the applied depression measure.
Zusammenfassung Alles Depression? Determinanten von Burnout bei stationär versorgten Arbeitnehmern mit Stressfolgekrankheiten Fragestellung: Es wird laufend diskutiert, ob Burnout und Depression sich überlappende Konstrukte sind oder sich von einander unterscheiden. Der Zusammenhang wurde zudem noch nicht bei stationären Patienten untersucht. Um die Robustheit der Beziehung weiter zu klären, wurden in der vorliegenden Untersuchung drei verschiedene Depressionsmessinstrumente verwendet. Es wurde der Einfluss von psychischem Distress, wahrgenommenem Stress und Schlafqualität auf die Beziehung von depressiven Symptomen und Burnout untersucht Methode: Untersucht wurden 723 konsekutive Patienten zwischen 23 und 82 Jahren, 51.2 % Frauen, welche in einer auf Stressfolgeerkrankungen spezialisierten Klinik hospitalisiert waren. Die Patienten beantworteten das Maslach Burnout Inventory, das Beck Depressions Inventory, die Hospital Anxiety und Depression Scale, das Brief Symptom Inventory, die Perceived Stress Scale und den Pittsburh Sleep Quality Index. Ergebnisse: Sowohl der Burnout Gesamtwert als auch die Subskalen (Emotionale Erschöpfung, Depersonalisation, Reduzierte Selbstwirksamkeit) korrelierten signifikant mit depressiven Symptomen, quasi unabhängig von verwendeten Depressionsmessinstrumenten. Die gemeinsame Varianz variierte zwischen 1.1 % und 19.4 %. Ein schwereres Burnout war direkt mit kognitiv-affektiven und, wenn auch in geringerem Ausmass, mit somatisch-affektiven Symptomen einer Depression verbunden. In der multivariablen Analyse zeigten sich deutlich mehr Burnout-Symptome bei depressiveren und jüngeren Patienten, bei Männern als bei Frauen und bei Mitarbeitern mit höherem psychischen Distress und wahrgenommenem Stress. Schlussfolgerung: Obwohl Burnout und Depression nicht die gleiche Psychopathologie darstellen, deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine beträchtliche Überschneidung zwischen den beiden Konstrukten hin; das Ausmass dieser Überlappung kann je nach angewandten Depressionsmessinstrument variieren.
Keywords: Burnout; Depression; Distress; Psychological Stress; Psychopathology; Work Stress.
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