Meta-analysis of central and peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid levels in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression
- PMID: 29252166
- PMCID: PMC5747536
- DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160228
Meta-analysis of central and peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid levels in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression
Abstract
Background: Many studies have measured central and peripheral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in patients with depression. We performed a meta-analysis to provide an objective overview of GABA changes in those with unipolar or bipolar depression.
Methods: After a systematic database search, original data were extracted with the help of seminal authors to calculate standardized mean differences. We compared GABA levels between patients with current major depressive episodes and controls, between euthymic patients and controls, and in patients before and after treatment. We performed meta-regressions to explore the influence of demographic and clinical variables on GABA significant mean differences.
Results: For unipolar depression, central and peripheral GABA levels were diminished in currently depressed patients, but normal in euthymic patients, compared with the healthy controls. For bipolar disorder, GABA levels were diminished in medication-free patients, but seemed to be normalized in medicated patients, compared with the healthy controls. We found no significant association with demographic or clinical variables.
Limitations: There was a great heterogeneity across studies, probably because of the substantial variation of clinical characteristics in the included samples. Many subanalyses were performed to assess how the diagnosis, medications, or the type of measurements of peripheral or central GABA levels may affect the main results.
Conclusion: The GABA levels evolved differentially in patients with unipolar and bipolar disorders. Our results suggest that GABA levels could represent a biomarker of symptomatic states in patients with unipolar disorder and would be normalized by mood stabilizers in those with bipolar disorder.
Conflict of interest statement
Figures
Similar articles
-
Anxiety in major depression and cerebrospinal fluid free gamma-aminobutyric acid.Depress Anxiety. 2014 Oct;31(10):814-21. doi: 10.1002/da.22278. Epub 2014 May 27. Depress Anxiety. 2014. PMID: 24865448 Free PMC article.
-
Reduction in occipital cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in medication-free recovered unipolar depressed and bipolar subjects.Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Mar 15;61(6):806-12. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.048. Epub 2007 Jan 8. Biol Psychiatry. 2007. PMID: 17210135
-
Glutamatergic hypofunction in medication-free major depression: Secondary effects of affective diagnosis and relationship to peripheral glutaminase.J Affect Disord. 2018 Jul;234:214-219. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.059. Epub 2018 Feb 27. J Affect Disord. 2018. PMID: 29544167
-
Plasma concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and mood disorders: a blood test for manic depressive disease?Clin Chem. 1994 Feb;40(2):296-302. Clin Chem. 1994. PMID: 8313610 Review.
-
Brain GABA levels across psychiatric disorders: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of (1) H-MRS studies.Hum Brain Mapp. 2016 Sep;37(9):3337-52. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23244. Epub 2016 May 4. Hum Brain Mapp. 2016. PMID: 27145016 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression.Front Cell Neurosci. 2024 Apr 8;18:1360242. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360242. eCollection 2024. Front Cell Neurosci. 2024. PMID: 38650657 Free PMC article. Review.
-
GABAA Receptor Availability in Relation to Cortical Excitability in Depressed and Healthy: A Positron Emission Tomography and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.Neuropsychobiology. 2024;83(1):17-27. doi: 10.1159/000535512. Epub 2023 Dec 27. Neuropsychobiology. 2024. PMID: 38151012 Free PMC article.
-
Pharmacotherapies Targeting GABA-Glutamate Neurotransmission for Treatment-Resistant Depression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Nov 7;16(11):1572. doi: 10.3390/ph16111572. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023. PMID: 38004437 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The role of neurotransmitters in mediating the relationship between brain alterations and depressive symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Hum Brain Mapp. 2023 Nov;44(16):5357-5371. doi: 10.1002/hbm.26439. Epub 2023 Aug 2. Hum Brain Mapp. 2023. PMID: 37530546 Free PMC article.
-
Brain-wide changes in excitation-inhibition balance of major depressive disorder: a systematic review of topographic patterns of GABA- and glutamatergic alterations.Mol Psychiatry. 2023 Aug;28(8):3257-3266. doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02193-x. Epub 2023 Jul 26. Mol Psychiatry. 2023. PMID: 37495889
References
-
- Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey replication (NCS-R) JAMA. 2003;289:3095–105. - PubMed
-
- Emrich HM, von Zerssen D, Kissling W, et al. Effect of sodium valproate on mania. The GABA-hypothesis of affective disorders. Arch Für Psychiatr Nervenkrankh. 1980;229:1–16. - PubMed