Growth differentiation factor 15 increases following oral glucose ingestion: effect of meal composition and obesity
- PMID: 27926473
- DOI: 10.1530/EJE-16-0550
Growth differentiation factor 15 increases following oral glucose ingestion: effect of meal composition and obesity
Abstract
Objective: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cardiovascular biomarker belonging to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Increased GDF15 concentrations are associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity. We investigated the physiological effects of meal composition and obesity on the regulation of systemic GDF15 levels.
Design: Lean (n = 8) and obese (n = 8) individuals received a carbohydrate- or fat-rich meal, a 75 g oral glucose load (OGTT) or short-term fasting. OGTTs were performed in severely obese patients (n = 6) pre- and post-bariatric surgery.
Methods: Circulating serum GDF15 concentrations were studied in lean and obese individuals in response to different meals, OGTT or short-term fasting, and in severely obese patients pre- and post-bariatric surgery. Regulation of GDF15 mRNA levels and protein release were evaluated in the human hepatic cell line HepG2.
Results: GDF15 concentrations steadily decrease during short-term fasting in lean and obese individuals. Carbohydrate- and fat-rich meals do not influence GDF15, whereas an OGTT leads to a late increase in GDF15 levels. The positive effect of OGTT on GDF15 levels is also preserved in severely obese patients, pre- and post-bariatric surgery. We further studied the regulation of GDF15 mRNA levels and protein release in HepG2, finding that glucose and insulin independently stimulate both GDF15 transcription and secretion.
Conclusion: In summary, high glucose and insulin peaks upregulate GDF15 transcription and release. The nutrient-induced increase in GDF15 levels depends on rapid glucose and insulin excursions following fast-digesting carbohydrates, but not on the amount of calories taken in.
© 2016 European Society of Endocrinology.
Similar articles
-
Research Progress on the Role and Mechanism of GDF15 in Body Weight Regulation.Obes Facts. 2024;17(1):1-11. doi: 10.1159/000535089. Epub 2023 Nov 21. Obes Facts. 2024. PMID: 37989122 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Plasma GDF15 levels are similar between subjects after bariatric surgery and matched controls and are unaffected by meals.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Oct 1;321(4):E443-E452. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00190.2021. Epub 2021 Aug 9. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021. PMID: 34370594
-
GDF15 reflects beta cell function in obese patients independently of the grade of impairment of glucose metabolism.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Apr;29(4):334-342. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.12.008. Epub 2019 Jan 3. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019. PMID: 30718144
-
Acute effect of meal glycemic index and glycemic load on blood glucose and insulin responses in humans.Nutr J. 2006 Sep 5;5:22. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-5-22. Nutr J. 2006. PMID: 16953881 Free PMC article.
-
Dietary carbohydrate, glucose regulation, and cognitive performance in elderly persons.Nutr Rev. 2003 May;61(5 Pt 2):S68-74. doi: 10.1301/nr.2003.may.S68-S74. Nutr Rev. 2003. PMID: 12828195 Review.
Cited by
-
Circulating total and H-specific GDF15 levels are elevated in subjects with MASLD but not in hyperlipidemic but otherwise metabolically healthy subjects with obesity.Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024 May 18;23(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s12933-024-02264-5. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024. PMID: 38762719 Free PMC article.
-
Effect of a 6-Week Carbohydrate-Reduced High-Protein Diet on Levels of FGF21 and GDF15 in People With Type 2 Diabetes.J Endocr Soc. 2024 Jan 24;8(4):bvae008. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvae008. eCollection 2024 Feb 19. J Endocr Soc. 2024. PMID: 38379856 Free PMC article.
-
Gastric GDF15 levels are regulated by age, sex, and nutritional status in rodents and humans.J Endocrinol Invest. 2024 May;47(5):1139-1154. doi: 10.1007/s40618-023-02232-y. Epub 2023 Nov 13. J Endocrinol Invest. 2024. PMID: 37955834
-
Growth differentiation factor‑15 in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and its relationship with microalbuminuria.Exp Ther Med. 2023 Jul 19;26(3):427. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12126. eCollection 2023 Sep. Exp Ther Med. 2023. PMID: 37602307 Free PMC article.
-
Unraveling the Interplay between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, and Management Strategies.Med Sci Monit. 2023 Jul 17;29:e940398. doi: 10.12659/MSM.940398. Med Sci Monit. 2023. PMID: 37455412 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical