Review

. 2017 Jan:72:87-94.

doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017. Epub 2016 Nov 24.

Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy. Electronic address: ilmannato@gmail.com.
² Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
³ Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, Box SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom.
⁴ Unit of Surgical Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy; Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
⁵ Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, 35128 Padova, Italy.
⁶ Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Aging Section, Institute of Neurosciences, Italian Research Council, Padova, Italy.
⁷ Aging Section, Institute of Neurosciences, Italian Research Council, Padova, Italy.
⁸ MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, United Kingdom.
⁹ Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.

PMID: 27890688
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017

Free article

Review

Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nicola Veronese et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Jan.

Free article

. 2017 Jan:72:87-94.

doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017. Epub 2016 Nov 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy. Electronic address: ilmannato@gmail.com.
² Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
³ Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, Box SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom.
⁴ Unit of Surgical Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy; Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Verona University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.
⁵ Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, 35128 Padova, Italy.
⁶ Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Aging Section, Institute of Neurosciences, Italian Research Council, Padova, Italy.
⁷ Aging Section, Institute of Neurosciences, Italian Research Council, Padova, Italy.
⁸ MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London, United Kingdom.
⁹ Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy.

PMID: 27890688
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017

Abstract

Whilst obesity is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, the influence of weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight people is equivocal. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies evaluating the influence of voluntary weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight individuals. Articles were acquired from a systematic search of major databases from inception till 01/2016. A random effect meta-analysis of weight loss interventions (diet, physical activity, bariatric surgery) on different cognitive domains (memory, attention, executive functions, language and motor speed) was conducted. Twenty studies (13 longitudinal studies=551 participants; 7 RCTs=328 treated vs. 140 controls) were included. Weight loss was associated with a significant improvement in attention and memory in both longitudinal studies and RCTs, whereas executive function and language improved in longitudinal and RCT studies, respectively. In conclusion, intentional weight loss in obese/overweight people is associated with improvements in performance across various cognitive domains. Future adequately powered RCTs are required to confirm/refute these findings.

Keywords: Attention; Cognition; Memory; Meta-analysis; Nutrition; Obesity; Physical activity; Weight loss.

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Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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