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Meta-Analysis
. 2016 Jun;19(8):1457-63.
doi: 10.1017/S136898001500289X. Epub 2015 Oct 5.

Linoleic acid and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Yunping Zhou  1 , Tao Wang  1 , Shenyong Zhai  1 , Wei Li  1 , Qiang Meng  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Linoleic acid and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Yunping Zhou et al. Public Health Nutr. 2016 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: Prior studies on linoleic acid, the predominant n-6 fatty acid, and breast cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence regarding the relationship of dietary and serum linoleic acid with breast cancer risk.

Design: Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and EMBASE. The fixed- or random-effect pooled measure was selected based on between-study heterogeneity.

Results: Eight prospective cohort studies and four prospective nested case-control studies, involving 10 410 breast cancer events from 358 955 adult females across different countries, were included in present study. Compared with the lowest level of linoleic acid, the pooled relative risk (RR; 95 % CI) of breast cancer was 0·98 (0·93, 1·04) for the highest level of linoleic acid. The pooled RR (95 % CI) for dietary and serum linoleic acid were 0·99 (0·92, 1·06) and 0·98 (0·88, 1·08), respectively. The RR (95 % CI) of breast cancer was 0·97 (0·91, 1·04), 0·95 (0·85, 1·07), 0·96 (0·86, 1·07), 0·98 (0·87, 1·10) and 0·99 (0·85, 1·14) for linoleic acid intake of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/d, respectively. The risk of breast cancer decreased by 1 % (RR=0·99; 95 % CI 0·93, 1·05) for every 10 g/d increment in linoleic acid intake.

Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that both dietary linoleic acid intake and serum linoleic acid level were associated with decreased risk of breast cancer, although none of the associations were statistically significant. Further investigations are warranted.

Keywords: Diet; Epidemiology; Gastric cancer.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of study selection (RR, relative risk)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot for the pooled relative risk (RR) from prospective studies of linoleic acid and breast cancer risk. The study-specific RR and 95 % CI are represented by the black dot and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the grey square is proportional to the specific-study weight to the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the open diamond presents the pooled RR and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI. D+L denotes the random-effect model; I–V denotes the fixed-effect model
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Non-linear dose–response relationship between linoleic acid and breast cancer risk in prospective studies assessed by a restricted cubic spline model with three knots. ——— represents the relative risk (RR), — — — — — represent the 95 % CI and - - - - - represents the linear trend
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