Intake and major sources of dietary flavonoid in Korean adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012
- PMID: 26420187
- DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.3.04
Intake and major sources of dietary flavonoid in Korean adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012
Abstract
With an effort to investigate possible relationship between flavonoids and health, an accurate estimation of flavonoid intake is valuable. We estimated dietary flavonoid intake and identified the major food sources. Subjects were healthy adults aged >=19 y (n=11,474) who completed the 24-h dietary recall of the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2010-2012). The US Department of Agriculture and newly estimated or published values for typical Korean foods were combined into a Korean-targeted flavonoid database. The mean intake of total flavonoid was 107±1.47 mg/d, with a higher intake in women than in men after energy-adjustment. Quercetin, cyanidin, genistein, daidzein, epigallocatechin 3-gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, and luteolin were identified as major flavonoid compounds. Across the age range studied, flavonols and flavones showed a reversed U-shape curve; flavan-3-ol and flavanones showed a decreasing pattern; and anthocyanidins and isoflavones showed an increasing pattern. Forty-five food items were identified as contributing >2% of at least one flavonoid compound's intake. Kimchi was the major food source of total flavonoids, followed by green tea, persimmons, and soybeans. Single food items accounting for more than 50% of the intake of a specific flavonoid included persimmons (cyanidin), green tea (epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and epigallocatechin 3-gallate), black tea (thearubigin), tangerines (hesperetin and naringenin), and onions (isorhamnetin). This study provides information on Korean flavonoid intake to enable international comparisons, along with insight into how the sources and intake of various flavonoids vary according to age and gender. This work should facilitate future investigations of the association between flavonoid intake and health.
为了探讨类黄酮与健康的关系,对类黄酮的摄入量进行准确估计是有价值 的。我们估计膳食类黄酮摄入量,识别主要的食物来源。11474 名年龄>=19 岁 的健康成年人完成了国家健康和营养检查调查(2010-2012)的24 小时膳食 回顾调查。美国农业部及新近估计或公布的典型的韩国食品相关数据被整合 进韩国有针对性的黄酮类化合物数据库。总黄酮平均摄入量为107±1.47 mg/d,经能量调整后女性比男性的摄入量更高。经鉴定槲皮素、飞燕草素、 染料木素、大豆黄素、表没食子儿茶素3-酸酯、表儿茶素、橙皮素和木犀草 素为主要的黄酮类化合物。在整个研究年龄范围内,黄酮醇和黄酮呈倒U 型 曲线关系、黄烷-3-醇和黄烷酮类呈下降模式、花青素和异黄酮呈升高模式。 经检测有45 种食品至少含1 种黄酮类化合物占该食物重2%以上。朝鲜泡菜 是总类黄酮的主要食物来源,其次是绿茶、柿子和大豆。能解释50%以上特 定类黄酮摄入的单一食物包括柿子(花青素)、绿茶(表儿茶素、表儿茶素 3-酸酯、表没食子儿茶素3-酸酯)、红茶(茶红素)、橘子(橙皮素和柚皮 素)、洋葱(异鼠李素)。这项研究提供的韩国的类黄酮摄入量信息便于国 际间的比较,同时还深入研究了食物来源和不同黄酮类化合物的摄入随年龄 和性别的变化。这项工作对将来调查黄酮类化合物摄入量和健康之间的关系 有一定促进作用。.
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