Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD
- PMID: 25732745
- DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.34
Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD
Abstract
IBD, comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic immunologically mediated disease at the intersection of complex interactions between genetics, environment and gut microbiota. Established high-prevalence populations of IBD in North America and Europe experienced the steepest increase in incidence towards the second half of the twentieth century. Furthermore, populations previously considered 'low risk' (such as in Japan and India) are witnessing an increase in incidence. Potentially relevant environmental influences span the spectrum of life from mode of childbirth and early-life exposures (including breastfeeding and antibiotic exposure in infancy) to exposures later on in adulthood (including smoking, major life stressors, diet and lifestyle). Data support an association between smoking and Crohn's disease whereas smoking cessation, but not current smoking, is associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis. Dietary fibre (particularly fruits and vegetables), saturated fats, depression and impaired sleep, and low vitamin D levels have all been associated with incident IBD. Interventional studies assessing the effects of modifying these risk factors on natural history and patient outcomes are an important unmet need. In this Review, the changing epidemiology of IBD, mechanisms behind various environmental associations and interventional studies to modify risk factors and disease course are discussed.
Similar articles
-
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Occurrence, course and prognosis during the first year of disease in a European population-based inception cohort.Dan Med J. 2014 Jan;61(1):B4778. Dan Med J. 2014. PMID: 24393595
-
Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in an insured population in Puerto Rico during 1996.P R Health Sci J. 2003 Sep;22(3):253-8. P R Health Sci J. 2003. PMID: 14619451
-
[Changes in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases].Orv Hetil. 2007 Feb 4;148(5):223-8. doi: 10.1556/OH.2007.27906. Orv Hetil. 2007. PMID: 17344143 Review. Hungarian.
-
Passive smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease in children.Am J Gastroenterol. 1993 Mar;88(3):356-9. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993. PMID: 8438840
-
Environmental influences on inflammatory bowel disease manifestations. Lessons from epidemiology.Dig Dis. 2003;21(2):91-104. doi: 10.1159/000073242. Dig Dis. 2003. PMID: 14571108 Review.
Cited by
-
5S-Heudelotinone alleviates experimental colitis by shaping the immune system and enhancing the intestinal barrier in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 May;14(5):2153-2176. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.020. Epub 2024 Feb 29. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024. PMID: 38799623 Free PMC article.
-
Impact of inflammatory bowel disease on women's reproductive life: a questionnaire-based study.Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2024 May 18;17:17562848241249440. doi: 10.1177/17562848241249440. eCollection 2024. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2024. PMID: 38766477 Free PMC article.
-
Differential Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on Race and Immigration Status.Gastro Hep Adv. 2024;3(3):326-332. doi: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.11.021. Epub 2023 Dec 16. Gastro Hep Adv. 2024. PMID: 38765199 Free PMC article.
-
HOXD10 regulates intestinal permeability and inhibits inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis through the inactivation of the Rho/ROCK/MMPs axis.Open Med (Wars). 2024 May 13;19(1):20230844. doi: 10.1515/med-2023-0844. eCollection 2024. Open Med (Wars). 2024. PMID: 38756247 Free PMC article.
-
An immunohistochemical atlas of necroptotic pathway expression.EMBO Mol Med. 2024 Jul;16(7):1717-1749. doi: 10.1038/s44321-024-00074-6. Epub 2024 May 15. EMBO Mol Med. 2024. PMID: 38750308 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical