Age of dementia diagnosis in community dwelling bilingual and monolingual Hispanic Americans
- PMID: 25598395
- PMCID: PMC4426973
- DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.11.017
Age of dementia diagnosis in community dwelling bilingual and monolingual Hispanic Americans
Abstract
Bilingualism has been reported to delay the age of retrospective report of first symptom in dementia. This study determined if the age of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia occurred later for bilingual than monolingual, immigrant and U.S. born, Hispanic Americans. It involved a secondary analysis of the subset of 81 bi/monolingual dementia cases identified at yearly follow-up (1998 through 2008) using neuropsychological test results and objective diagnostic criteria from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging that involved a random sampling of community dwelling Hispanic Americans (N = 1789). Age of dementia diagnosis was analyzed in a 2 × 2 (bi/monolingualism × immigrant/U.S. born) ANOVA that space revealed both main effects and the interaction were non-significant. Mean age of dementia diagnosis was descriptively (but not significantly) higher in the monolingual (M = 81.10 years) than the bilingual (M = 79.31) group. Overall, bilingual dementia cases were significantly better educated than monolinguals, but U.S. born bilinguals and monolinguals did not differ significantly in education. Delays in dementia symptomatology pertaining to bilingualism are less likely to be found in studies: (a) that use age of clinical diagnosis vs. retrospective report of first dementia symptom as the dependent variable; and (b) involve clinical cases derived from community samples rather than referrals to specialist memory clinics.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Bilingual advantage; Cognitive reserve; Dementia prevalence; Vascular dementia.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comment in
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Emerging evidence contradicts the hypothesis that bilingualism delays dementia onset. A Commentary on "age of dementia diagnosis in community dwelling bilingual and monolingual Hispanic Americans" by Lawton et al., 2015.Cortex. 2015 May;66:170-2. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.01.024. Epub 2015 Feb 14. Cortex. 2015. PMID: 25752980 No abstract available.
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A Reply to Bak et al.Cortex. 2016 Jan;74:318-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.015. Epub 2015 May 27. Cortex. 2016. PMID: 26078195 No abstract available.
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Bilingualism, dementia and the tale of many variables: Why we need to move beyond the Western World. Commentary on Lawton et al. (2015) and Fuller-Thomson (2015).Cortex. 2016 Jan;74:315-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.04.025. Epub 2015 Jun 30. Cortex. 2016. PMID: 26537794 No abstract available.
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