Extranuclear steroid receptors are essential for steroid hormone actions
- PMID: 25587652
- DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050913-021703
Extranuclear steroid receptors are essential for steroid hormone actions
Abstract
Steroid hormones are produced throughout the phylogenetic tree, from plants to mammals. In the past 40 years, steroid receptors localized to the nucleus have been recognized as being important to mediating steroid action in many organs. This action mainly arises from the regulation of key genes that are important for organ development and function. These include but are not limited to genes influencing the reproductive tract, mammary glands, bone, brain, fat differentiation, pituitary hormone regulation, and metabolic effects in many organs. Unfortunately, steroids also promote the development of hormone-responsive cancers, including breast, uterus, and prostate cancer. It has also been shown that steroid receptors exist outside the nucleus in many organs and cells, with unclear impact for normal development, health, and disease. This review describes the evidence from many laboratories that these receptors exist and function with nuclear receptors to provide the full impact of all steroid hormones.
Keywords: cardiac fibrosis; cardiac hypertrophy; estrogen; hormone-responsive cancer; hypertension; membrane; mitochondria.
Similar articles
-
Membrane-initiated steroid action in breast and prostate cancer.Steroids. 2008 Oct;73(9-10):953-60. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.12.009. Epub 2007 Dec 23. Steroids. 2008. PMID: 18249430 Review.
-
Actions of steroids in mitochondria.Semin Reprod Med. 2007 May;25(3):154-64. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-973428. Semin Reprod Med. 2007. PMID: 17447205 Review.
-
Receptor mechanisms mediating non-genomic actions of sex steroids.Semin Reprod Med. 2007 May;25(3):139-53. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-973427. Semin Reprod Med. 2007. PMID: 17447204 Review.
-
Integration of the extranuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen.Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Aug;19(8):1951-9. doi: 10.1210/me.2004-0390. Epub 2005 Feb 10. Mol Endocrinol. 2005. PMID: 15705661 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Steroid signal transduction activated at the cell membrane: from plants to animals.Acta Biochim Pol. 2002;49(3):735-45. Acta Biochim Pol. 2002. PMID: 12422243 Review.
Cited by
-
Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review.Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2024 Mar 27;5:1241015. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1241015. eCollection 2024. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2024. PMID: 38601924 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Nongenomic Signalling of Oestrogen.Genes (Basel). 2023 Dec 16;14(12):2225. doi: 10.3390/genes14122225. Genes (Basel). 2023. PMID: 38137047 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Phytoestrogen-Based Hormonal Replacement Therapy Could Benefit Women Suffering Late-Onset Asthma.Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 19;24(20):15335. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015335. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37895016 Free PMC article. Review.
-
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CXIII: Nuclear Receptor Superfamily-Update 2023.Pharmacol Rev. 2023 Nov;75(6):1233-1318. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000436. Epub 2023 Aug 16. Pharmacol Rev. 2023. PMID: 37586884 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiometabolic Diseases: The Role of AMPK.Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 26;24(15):11986. doi: 10.3390/ijms241511986. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37569362 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous
