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. 2014:2014:825787.
doi: 10.1155/2014/825787. Epub 2014 Nov 18.

Different resting-state functional connectivity alterations in smokers and nonsmokers with Internet gaming addiction

Xue Chen  1 , Yao Wang  1 , Yan Zhou  1 , Yawen Sun  1 , Weina Ding  1 , Zhiguo Zhuang  1 , Jianrong Xu  1 , Yasong Du  2
Affiliations

Different resting-state functional connectivity alterations in smokers and nonsmokers with Internet gaming addiction

Xue Chen et al. Biomed Res Int. 2014.

Abstract

This study investigated changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in smokers and nonsmokers with Internet gaming addiction (IGA). Twenty-nine smokers with IGA, 22 nonsmokers with IGA, and 30 healthy controls (HC group) underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. PCC connectivity was determined in all subjects by investigating synchronized low-frequency fMRI signal fluctuations using a temporal correlation method. Compared with the nonsmokers with IGA, the smokers with IGA exhibited decreased rsFC with PCC in the right rectus gyrus. Left middle frontal gyrus exhibited increased rsFC. The PCC connectivity with the right rectus gyrus was found to be negatively correlated with the CIAS scores in the smokers with IGA before correction. Our results suggested that smokers with IGA had functional changes in brain areas related to motivation and executive function compared with the nonsmokers with IGA.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Significant between-group differences in rsFC of different brain regions with PCC between smokers with IGA, nonsmokers with IGA, and HC subjects. Note: the left part of the figure (L) represents the participant's left side, (R) represents the participant's right side. rsFC: resting-state functional connectivity; HC: healthy control; PCC: posterior cingulate cortex.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Significant between-group differences in rsFC of different brain regions with PCC between smokers with IGA and HC subjects. Compared with the HC group, the smokers with IGA exhibited increased rsFC in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, bilateral caudate, and left medial frontal cortex. And decreased rsFC were found in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, bilateral superior parietal lobules, left posterior cerebellum lobe, and right lingual gyrus (P < 0.05, AlphaSim-corrected). The t-score bars are shown on the right. Red indicates smokers with IGA > HC and blue indicates smokers with IGA < HC. Note: the left part of the figure (L) represents the participant's left side; (R) represents the participant's right side. rsFC: resting-state functional connectivity; HC: healthy control; PCC: posterior cingulate cortex.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Significant between-group differences in rsFC of different brain regions with PCC between nonsmokers with IGA and HC subjects. Compared with the HC group, nonsmokers with IGA exhibited increased rsFC in left cerebellum posterior lobe, left medial prefrontal cortex, right caudate, and right insula. Decreased rsFC was found in left calcarine cortex, right superior parietal lobule, right middle occipital gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left precuneus, and left inferior temporal gyrus (P < 0.05, AlphaSim-corrected). The t-score bars are shown on the right. Red indicates nonsmokers with IGA > HC and blue indicates nonsmokers with IGA < HC. Note: the left part of the figure (L) represents the participant's left side; (R) represents the participant's right side. IGA: Internet gaming addiction; rsFC: resting-state functional connectivity; HC: healthy control, PCC: posterior cingulate cortex.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Significant between-group differences in rsFC of middle frontal gyrus and right rectus gyrus with PCC between smokers and nonsmokers with IGA. Compared with nonsmokers with IGA, the smokers with IGA exhibited increased rsFC in the left middle frontal gyrus and decreased rsFC in the right rectus gyrus (P < 0.05, AlphaSim-corrected). The t-score bars are shown on the right. Red indicates smokers with IGA > nonsmokers with IGA and blue indicates smokers with IGA < nonsmokers with IGA. Note: the left part of the figure (L) represents the participant's left side; (R) represents the participant's right side. IGA: Internet gaming addiction; rsFC: resting-state functional connectivity; PCC: posterior cingulate cortex.
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