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. 2015 Mar;69(3):297-302.
doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.187. Epub 2014 Sep 17.

Carbohydrate quality, weight change and incident obesity in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN Project

S Santiago  1 , I Zazpe  2 , M Bes-Rastrollo  3 , A Sánchez-Tainta  4 , C Sayón-Orea  4 , C de la Fuente-Arrillaga  4 , S Benito  4 , J A Martínez  5 , M Á Martínez-González  3
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Free article

Carbohydrate quality, weight change and incident obesity in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN Project

S Santiago et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Mar.
Free article

Abstract

Background/objectives: To evaluate the association between the carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and weight change or incident overweight/obesity (body mass index ⩾25 kg/m(2)) in the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN)' cohort.

Subjects/methods: A total of 8741 participants who were initially free of overweight/obesity were followed up for a median of 7.9 years. We evaluated at baseline the CQI according to four criteria: dietary fiber intake, glycemic index, whole grains/total grains ratio and solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates ratio. Subjects were classified into quintiles according to CQI. Weight was recorded at baseline and updated every 2 years during follow-up.

Results: Increasing CQI of diet was not significantly associated with lower weight gain, although participants in the highest quintile had the lowest average crude weight gain (+211 g/year). We observed 1862 incident cases of overweight/obesity during follow-up. CQI was significantly associated (P for trend 0.006) with a lower risk of overweight/obesity; adjusted odds ratio for the fourth and fifth quintiles were 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.99) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.60-0.92), respectively.

Conclusions: In this Mediterranean cohort, CQI showed a significant inverse association with the incidence of overweight/obesity, which highlights that carbohydrate intake guidelines related to obesity prevention should be focused on improving the CQI of the diet.

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