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. 2014 Sep 16;9(9):e107306.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107306. eCollection 2014.

Disrupted brain functional network in internet addiction disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Chong-Yaw Wee  1 , Zhimin Zhao  2 , Pew-Thian Yap  1 , Guorong Wu  1 , Feng Shi  1 , True Price  1 , Yasong Du  2 , Jianrong Xu  3 , Yan Zhou  3 , Dinggang Shen  4
Affiliations

Disrupted brain functional network in internet addiction disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Chong-Yaw Wee et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is increasingly recognized as a mental health disorder, particularly among adolescents. The pathogenesis associated with IAD, however, remains unclear. In this study, we aim to explore the encephalic functional characteristics of IAD adolescents at rest using functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We adopted a graph-theoretic approach to investigate possible disruptions of functional connectivity in terms of network properties including small-worldness, efficiency, and nodal centrality on 17 adolescents with IAD and 16 socio-demographically matched healthy controls. False discovery rate-corrected parametric tests were performed to evaluate the statistical significance of group-level network topological differences. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships between functional connectivity and clinical measures in the IAD group. Our results demonstrate that there is significant disruption in the functional connectome of IAD patients, particularly between regions located in the frontal, occipital, and parietal lobes. The affected connections are long-range and inter-hemispheric connections. Although significant alterations are observed for regional nodal metrics, there is no difference in global network topology between IAD and healthy groups. In addition, correlation analysis demonstrates that the observed regional abnormalities are correlated with the IAD severity and behavioral clinical assessments. Our findings, which are relatively consistent between anatomically and functionally defined atlases, suggest that IAD causes disruptions of functional connectivity and, importantly, that such disruptions might link to behavioral impairments.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Between-group differences in terms of clinical and behavioral measures.
(YIAS = Young's Internet Addiction Scale, BIS-11 = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, TMDS = Time Management Disposition Scale, SDQ-P = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire parent version, SDQ-C = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire children version, FAD = McMaster Family Assessment Device).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Significantly altered functional connections in IAD patients (FDR corrected).
Red: increased functional connectivity, Blue: decreased functional connectivity. (FRO: Frontal, INS: Insula, TEM: Temporal, PAR: Parietal, OCC: Occipital, LIM: Limbic, SBC: Subcortical). This visualization is created using the BrainNet Viewer package (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv) and the Circos (http://circos.ca/).
Figure 3
Figure 3. The brain regions that are significantly correlated with behavioral and clinical scores in the IAD group (FDR corrected).
This illustration was created using the BrainNet Viewer package (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv). (YIAS = Young's Internet Addiction Score, BIS-11 = Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, TMDS = Time Management Disposition Scale, SDQ-P = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire parent version, SDQ-C = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire children version.).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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