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Meta-Analysis
. 2013 Sep;103(9):e31-42.
doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301492. Epub 2013 Jul 18.

Food sources of saturated fat and the association with mortality: a meta-analysis

Therese A O'Sullivan  1 , Katherine Hafekost, Francis Mitrou, David Lawrence
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Food sources of saturated fat and the association with mortality: a meta-analysis

Therese A O'Sullivan et al. Am J Public Health. 2013 Sep.

Abstract

We summarized the data related to foods high in saturated fat and risk of mortality. We searched Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ProQuest for studies from January 1952 to May 2012. We identified 26 publications with individual dietary data and all-cause, total cancer, or cardiovascular mortality as endpoints. Pooled relative risk estimates demonstrated that high intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter were not associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality compared with low intakes. High intakes of meat and processed meat were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality but were associated with a decreased risk in a subanalysis of Asian studies. The overall quality of studies was variable. Associations varied by food group and population. This may be because of factors outside saturated fat content of individual foods. There is an ongoing need for improvement in assessment tools and methods that investigate food sources of saturated fat and mortality to inform dietary guidelines.

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Figures

FIGURE 1—
FIGURE 1—
Flowchart of study inclusion: meta-analysis of the association of food sources of saturated fat with mortality: January 1952–May 2012.
FIGURE 2—
FIGURE 2—
High consumption of foods containing saturated fat and the associated risk of all-cause mortality: meta-analysis of the association of food sources of saturated fat with mortality: January 1952–May 2012. Note. CI = confidence interval; F = female; M = male.
FIGURE 3—
FIGURE 3—
High consumption of foods containing saturated fat and the associated risk of cardiovascular disease mortality: meta-analysis of the association of food sources of saturated fat with mortality: January 1952–May 2012.
FIGURE 4—
FIGURE 4—
High consumption of foods containing saturated fat and the associated risk of cancer mortality: meta-analysis of the association of food sources of saturated fat with mortality: January 1952–May 2012.
FIGURE 5—
FIGURE 5—
Funnel plot of publication bias for all-cause mortality, by food group: meta-analysis of the association of food sources of saturated fat with mortality: January 1952–May 2012.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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