Hormones in pregnancy
- PMID: 23661874
- PMCID: PMC3640235
- DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.107549
Hormones in pregnancy
Abstract
The endocrinology of human pregnancy involves endocrine and metabolic changes that result from physiological alterations at the boundary between mother and fetus. Progesterone and oestrogen have a great role along with other hormones. The controversies of use of progestogen and others are discussed in this chapter. Progesterone has been shown to stimulate the secretion of Th2 and reduces the secretion of Th1 cytokines which maintains pregnancy. Supportive care in early pregnancy is associated with a significant beneficial effect on pregnancy outcome. Prophylactic hormonal supplementation can be recommended for all assisted reproduction techniques cycles. Preterm labor can be prevented by the use of progestogen. The route of administration plays an important role in the drug's safety and efficacy profile in different trimesters of pregnancy. Thyroid disorders have a great impact on pregnancy outcome and needs to be monitored and treated accordingly. Method of locating review: Pubmed, scopus.
Keywords: Oestrogen; hormones; progesterone; thyroid.
Conflict of interest statement
Similar articles
-
Luteal phase support for assisted reproduction cycles.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Oct 5;(10):CD009154. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009154.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 07;(7):CD009154. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009154.pub3. PMID: 21975790 Updated. Review.
-
Thyroid function tests under the effect of steroidal contraceptives compared to normal pregnancy.Popul Sci. 1982;(3):157-68. Popul Sci. 1982. PMID: 12266214
-
Endocrine disorders in pregnancy: physiological and hormonal aspects of pregnancy.Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Dec;25(6):875-84. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.07.004. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. PMID: 22115163 Review.
-
Oral contraceptive pill, progestogen or oestrogen pretreatment for ovarian stimulation protocols for women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 25;5(5):CD006109. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006109.pub3. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017. PMID: 28540977 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Depletion of CD8+ cells abolishes the pregnancy protective effect of progesterone substitution with dydrogesterone in mice by altering the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile.J Immunol. 2004 May 15;172(10):5893-9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.5893. J Immunol. 2004. PMID: 15128769
Cited by
-
Shaping Microbiota During the First 1000 Days of Life.Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1449:1-28. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_1. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024. PMID: 39060728 Review.
-
Exploring Progesterone Deficiency in First-Trimester Miscarriage and the Impact of Hormone Therapy on Foetal Development: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel). 2024 Apr 2;11(4):422. doi: 10.3390/children11040422. Children (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38671639 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Gestational testosterone excess early to mid-pregnancy disrupts maternal lipid homeostasis and activates biosynthesis of phosphoinositides and phosphatidylethanolamines in sheep.Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 14;14(1):6230. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56886-6. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38486090 Free PMC article.
-
Variation in maternal lactation practices associated with changes in diurnal maternal inflammation.Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 22;14(1):4376. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54963-4. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38388564 Free PMC article.
-
Pregnancy-related dental problems: A review.Heliyon. 2024 Jan 29;10(3):e24259. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24259. eCollection 2024 Feb 15. Heliyon. 2024. PMID: 38322854 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Csapo AL, Pulkkinen MO, Wiest WG. Effects of luteectomy and progesterone replacement in early pregnant patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973;115:759. - PubMed
-
- Schneider MA, Davies MC, Honour JW. The timing of placental competence in pregnancy after oocyte donation. Fertil Steril. 1993;59:1059. - PubMed
-
- Rothchild I. Role of progesterone in initiating and maintaining pregnancy. In: Bardin CW, Milgrom E, Mauvais-Jarvis P, editors. Progesterone and Progestins. New York: Raven Press; 1983. p. 219.
-
- Wahabi HA, Fayed AA, Esmaeil SA, Al Zeidan RA. Progestogen for treating threatened miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;12:CD005943. - PubMed