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Review
. 2013 May;1830(5):3173-81.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.02.004. Epub 2013 Feb 14.

S-nitrosoglutathione

Katarzyna A Broniowska  1 , Anne R Diers, Neil Hogg
Affiliations
Review

S-nitrosoglutathione

Katarzyna A Broniowska et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 May.

Abstract

Background: S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is the S-nitrosated derivative of glutathione and is thought to be a critical mediator of the down stream signaling effects of nitric oxide (NO). GSNO has also been implicated as a contributor to various disease states.

Scope of review: This review focuses on the chemical nature of GSNO, its biological activities, the evidence that it is an endogenous mediator of NO action, and implications for therapeutic use.

Major conclusions: GSNO clearly exerts its cellular actions through both NO- and S-nitrosation-dependent mechanisms; however, the chemical and biological aspects of this compound should be placed in the context of S-nitrosation as a whole.

General significance: GSNO is a central intermediate in formation and degradation of cellular S-nitrosothiols with potential therapeutic applications; thus, it remains an important molecule of study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Cellular functions of glutathione.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A model for cellular S-nitrosothiol uptake. Cystine (Cys-SS-Cys) is transported into cells through Xc− and subsequently reduced to cysteine (Cys) within the cell. Cysteine can then be exported back to the extracellular space where it is transnitrosated by GSNO to form S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO). CysNO is a good substrate for amino acid transporter system L (L-AT) and is avidly taken up by cells; thus, transferring the nitroso function group across the plasma membrane. Additional transnitrosation rations can occur within the cell.
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