Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications
- PMID: 23165161
- DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.199
Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications
Abstract
The worldwide increase in obesity and related chronic diseases has largely been driven by global trade liberalization, economic growth and rapid urbanization. These factors continue to fuel dramatic changes in living environments, diets and lifestyles in ways that promote positive energy balance. Nutritional transitions in low-income and middle-income countries are typically characterized by increases in the consumption of animal fat and protein, refined grains, and added sugar. This change is coupled with reductions in physical activity owing to more mechanized and technologically driven lifestyles. Given the high costs of obesity and comorbidities in terms of health-care expenditure and quality of life, prevention strategies are paramount, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries that must manage coexisting infectious diseases and undernutrition in addition to the obesity epidemic. As countries become increasingly urbanized, undernutrition and obesity can exist side by side within the same country, community or household, which is a particular challenge for health systems with limited resources. Owing to the scope and complexity of the obesity epidemic, prevention strategies and policies across multiple levels are needed in order to have a measurable effect. Changes should include high-level global policies from the international community and coordinated efforts by governments, organizations, communities and individuals to positively influence behavioural change.
Similar articles
-
Economic Burden of Chronic Ill Health and Injuries for Households in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, Jha P, Laxminarayan R, Mock CN, Nugent R, editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 6. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, Jha P, Laxminarayan R, Mock CN, Nugent R, editors. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 27. Chapter 6. PMID: 30212160 Free Books & Documents. Review.
-
Evidence of Impact of Interventions on Growth and Development during Early and Middle Childhood.In: Bundy DAP, Silva ND, Horton S, Jamison DT, Patton GC, editors. Child and Adolescent Health and Development. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 20. Chapter 7. In: Bundy DAP, Silva ND, Horton S, Jamison DT, Patton GC, editors. Child and Adolescent Health and Development. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 20. Chapter 7. PMID: 30212122 Free Books & Documents. Review.
-
Tuberculosis.In: Holmes KK, Bertozzi S, Bloom BR, Jha P, editors. Major Infectious Diseases. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 3. Chapter 11. In: Holmes KK, Bertozzi S, Bloom BR, Jha P, editors. Major Infectious Diseases. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 3. Chapter 11. PMID: 30212088 Free Books & Documents. Review.
-
[Nutritional transition and non-communicable diet-related chronic diseases in developing countries].Sante. 2002 Jan-Mar;12(1):45-55. Sante. 2002. PMID: 11943638 Review. French.
-
Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation.World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i-xii, 1-253. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000. PMID: 11234459
Cited by
-
Navigating the Adipocyte Precursor Niche: Cell-Cell Interactions, Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for Adipose Tissue Homeostasis.J Cell Signal. 2024;5(2):65-86. doi: 10.33696/signaling.5.114. J Cell Signal. 2024. PMID: 38826152 Free PMC article.
-
Non-adherence to Anti-diabetic Prescriptions Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.Cureus. 2024 May 18;16(5):e60572. doi: 10.7759/cureus.60572. eCollection 2024 May. Cureus. 2024. PMID: 38779435 Free PMC article.
-
Predicting the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Brazil: a modeling study.Front Public Health. 2024 May 2;12:1275167. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1275167. eCollection 2024. Front Public Health. 2024. PMID: 38756893 Free PMC article.
-
Association of physical activity and vitamin D deficiency with cognitive impairment in older adults: a population based cross-sectional analysis.Front Nutr. 2024 May 1;11:1390903. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1390903. eCollection 2024. Front Nutr. 2024. PMID: 38751741 Free PMC article.
-
Dietary Quality Evidenced by the Healthy Eating Index and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Kuwaiti Schoolchildren.Nutrients. 2024 Apr 22;16(8):1243. doi: 10.3390/nu16081243. Nutrients. 2024. PMID: 38674933 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Research Materials