Antigen targets of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity
- PMID: 22474615
- PMCID: PMC3312399
- DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a007781
Antigen targets of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by recognition of one or more β-cell proteins by the immune system. The list of target antigens in this disease is ever increasing and it is conceivable that additional islet autoantigens, possibly including pivotal β-cell targets, remain to be discovered. Many knowledge gaps remain with respect to the disorder's pathogenesis, including the cause of loss of tolerance to islet autoantigens and an explanation as to why targeting of proteins with a distribution of expression beyond β cells may result in selective β-cell destruction and type 1 diabetes. Yet, our knowledge of β-cell autoantigens has already led to translation into tissue-specific immune intervention strategies that are currently being assessed in clinical trials for their efficacy to halt or delay disease progression to type 1 diabetes, as well as to reverse type 1 diabetes. Here we will discuss recently gained insights into the identity, biology, structure, and presentation of islet antigens in relation to disease heterogeneity and β-cell destruction.
Figures
![Figure 1.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3312399/bin/cshperspectmed-DIA-007781_F1.gif)
![Figure 2.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3312399/bin/cshperspectmed-DIA-007781_F2.gif)
Similar articles
-
Neoepitopes in Type 1 Diabetes: Etiological Insights, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets.Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 19;12:667989. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667989. eCollection 2021. Front Immunol. 2021. PMID: 33953728 Free PMC article.
-
Antigen-based immune modulation therapy for type 1 diabetes: the era of precision medicine.Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Jan;7(1):65-74. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30109-8. Epub 2018 Oct 24. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019. PMID: 30528100 Review.
-
Molecular mechanisms in autoimmune type 1 diabetes: a critical review.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2014 Oct;47(2):174-92. doi: 10.1007/s12016-014-8422-2. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2014. PMID: 24752371 Review.
-
Thymus and type 1 diabetes: an update.Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Oct;98(1):26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.023. Epub 2012 Jun 18. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012. PMID: 22717497 Review.
-
Autoreactive CD8 T cells associated with beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18425-30. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0508621102. Epub 2005 Dec 9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005. PMID: 16339897 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
Proinsulin degradation and presentation of a proinsulin B-chain autoantigen involves ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD)-enzyme UBE2G2.PLoS One. 2024 May 24;19(5):e0287877. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287877. eCollection 2024. PLoS One. 2024. PMID: 38787820 Free PMC article.
-
Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both?Mol Cell Pediatr. 2024 Mar 20;11(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8. Mol Cell Pediatr. 2024. PMID: 38507159 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Repositioning the Early Pathology of Type 1 Diabetes to the Extraislet Vasculature.J Immunol. 2024 Apr 1;212(7):1094-1104. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300769. J Immunol. 2024. PMID: 38426888 Free PMC article.
-
Development of an ostrich-derived single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against PTPRN extracellular domain.Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 14;14(1):3689. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53386-5. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38355744 Free PMC article.
-
Immunoprotection of cellular transplants for autoimmune type 1 diabetes through local drug delivery.Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2024 Mar;206:115179. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115179. Epub 2024 Jan 28. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2024. PMID: 38286164 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Achenbach P, Bonifacio E, Koczwara K, Ziegler AG 2005. Natural history of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 54 Suppl 2: S25–S31 - PubMed
-
- Anderson MS, Venanzi ES, Klein L, Chen Z, Berzins SP, Turley SJ, von Boehmer H, Bronson R, Dierich A, Benoist C, et al. 2002. Projection of an immunological self shadow within the thymus by the aire protein. Science 298: 1395–1401 - PubMed
-
- Arentz-Hansen H, Körner R, Molberg O, Quarsten H, Vader W, Kooy YM, Lundin KE, Koning F, Roepstorff P, Sollid LM, et al. 2000. The intestinal T cell response to α-gliadin in adult celiac disease is focused on a single deamidated glutamine targeted by tissue transglutaminase. J Exp Med 191: 603–612 - PMC - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical