Whole- and refined-grain intakes are differentially associated with abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in healthy adults: the Framingham Heart Study
- PMID: 20881074
- PMCID: PMC2954448
- DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29106
Whole- and refined-grain intakes are differentially associated with abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in healthy adults: the Framingham Heart Study
Abstract
Background: Observational studies have linked higher intakes of whole grains to lower abdominal adiposity; however, the association between whole- and refined-grain intake and body fat compartments has yet to be reported.
Objective: Different aspects of diet may be differentially related to body fat distribution. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between whole- and refined-grain intake and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
Design: Cross-sectional associations between whole- and refined-grain intakes, waist circumference measures, and abdominal SAT and VAT volumes were examined in 2834 Framingham Heart Study participants (49.4% women; age range: 32-83 y). Dietary information was assessed with the use of a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire.
Results: Whole-grain intake was inversely associated with SAT (2895 compared with 2552 cm³ in the lowest compared with the highest quintile category, P for trend < 0.001) and VAT (1883 compared with 1563 cm³, P for trend < 0.001), after adjustment for age, sex, current smoking status, total energy, and alcohol intake. In contrast, refined-grain intake was positively associated with SAT (2748 compared with 2934 cm³, P for trend = 0.01) and VAT (1727 compared with 1928 cm³, P for trend < 0.001) in multivariable models. When SAT and VAT were evaluated jointly, the P value for SAT was attenuated (P = 0.28 for whole grains, P = 0.60 for refined grains), whereas VAT remained associated with both whole grains (P < 0.001) and refined grains (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Increasing whole-grain intake is associated with lower VAT in adults, whereas higher intakes of refined grains are associated with higher VAT. Further research is required to elicit the potential mechanisms whereby whole- and refined-grain foods may influence body fat distribution.
Figures
![FIGURE 1.](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2954448/bin/ajcn9251165fig1.gif)
Similar articles
-
Visceral adiposity and inflammatory bowel disease.Int J Colorectal Dis. 2021 Nov;36(11):2305-2319. doi: 10.1007/s00384-021-03968-w. Epub 2021 Jun 9. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2021. PMID: 34104989 Review.
-
Association of lifestyle factors with abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity: the Framingham Heart Study.Diabetes Care. 2009 Mar;32(3):505-10. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1382. Epub 2008 Dec 15. Diabetes Care. 2009. PMID: 19074991 Free PMC article.
-
Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: the Framingham Heart Study.Circulation. 2007 Sep 11;116(11):1234-41. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.710509. Epub 2007 Aug 20. Circulation. 2007. PMID: 17709633
-
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with abdominal fat partitioning in healthy adults.J Nutr. 2014 Aug;144(8):1283-90. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.188599. Epub 2014 Jun 18. J Nutr. 2014. PMID: 24944282 Free PMC article.
-
Visceral adiposity and colorectal adenomas: dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.Ann Oncol. 2015 Jun;26(6):1101-1109. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdu563. Epub 2014 Dec 5. Ann Oncol. 2015. PMID: 25480876 Review.
Cited by
-
Diet quality is associated with adipose tissue and muscle mass: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024 Feb;15(1):425-433. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13399. Epub 2023 Dec 12. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024. PMID: 38086784 Free PMC article.
-
Non-Classical Aspects of Obesity Pathogenesis and Their Relative Clinical Importance for Obesity Treatment.Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 3;11(9):1310. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11091310. Healthcare (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37174852 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Emerging Nutrition Approaches to Support the Mind and Muscle for Healthy Aging.Recent Prog Nutr. 2022;2(4):10.21926/rpn.2204022. doi: 10.21926/rpn.2204022. Epub 2022 Nov 16. Recent Prog Nutr. 2022. PMID: 36686500 Free PMC article.
-
Longitudinal association of dietary carbohydrate quality with visceral fat deposition and other adiposity indicators.Clin Nutr. 2022 Oct;41(10):2264-2274. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.008. Epub 2022 Aug 20. Clin Nutr. 2022. PMID: 36084360 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
The Effect of Rye-Based Foods on Postprandial Plasma Insulin Concentration: The Rye Factor.Front Nutr. 2022 Jun 9;9:868938. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868938. eCollection 2022. Front Nutr. 2022. PMID: 35757252 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA 2006;295:1549–55 - PubMed
-
- Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer- and service-specific estimates. Health Aff (Millwood) 2009;28:w822–31 - PubMed
-
- Harland JI, Garton LE. Whole-grain intake as a marker of healthy body weight and adiposity. Public Health Nutr 2008;11:554–63 - PubMed
-
- Liu S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB, Rosner B, Colditz G. Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fiber and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:920–7 - PubMed
-
- US Department of Agriculture, US Department of Health and Human Services Dietary guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2005 - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Research Materials