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. 2007 May 1;35(4):1601-12.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.038. Epub 2007 Feb 8.

Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses

Naomi I Eisenberger  1 , Shelley E Taylor, Shelly L Gable, Clayton J Hilmert, Matthew D Lieberman
Affiliations

Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses

Naomi I Eisenberger et al. Neuroimage. .

Abstract

It is well established that a lack of social support constitutes a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality, comparable to risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure. Although it has been hypothesized that social support may benefit health by reducing physiological reactivity to stressors, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Moreover, to date, no studies have investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms that translate experiences of social support into the health outcomes that follow. To investigate these processes, thirty participants completed three tasks in which daily social support, neurocognitive reactivity to a social stressor, and neuroendocrine responses to a social stressor were assessed. Individuals who interacted regularly with supportive individuals across a 10-day period showed diminished cortisol reactivity to a social stressor. Moreover, greater social support and diminished cortisol responses were associated with diminished activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and Brodmann's area (BA) 8, regions previously associated with the distress of social separation. Lastly, individual differences in dACC and BA 8 reactivity mediated the relationship between high daily social support and low cortisol reactivity, such that supported individuals showed reduced neurocognitive reactivity to social stressors, which in turn was associated with reduced neuroendocrine stress responses. This study is the first to investigate the neural underpinnings of the social support-health relationship and provides evidence that social support may ultimately benefit health by diminishing neural and physiological reactivity to social stressors.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scatterplot showing the relationship between daily social support and cortisol reactivity (percentage increase in log-transformed cortisol levels (peak minus baseline cortisol levels, divided by baseline levels), controlling for gender) during the Trier Social Stress Task. Each point represents the data from a single participant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Regions of the dACC and BA 8 that correlate with social distress, social support, and cortisol responses. Yellow activations indicate regions that correlate positively with social distress; green activations indicate regions that correlate negatively with social support; red activations indicate regions that correlate positively with cortisol responses.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Scatterplot showing dACC activity (14,30,38) for individuals who are both low in daily social support and high in cortisol reactivity to the TSST (left column) and for individuals who are both high in daily social support and low in cortisol reactivity to the TSST (right column). (B) Scatterplot showing BA 8 activity (-22,38,40) for individuals who are both low in daily social support and high in cortisol reactivity to the TSST (left column) and for individuals who are both high in daily social support and low in cortisol reactivity to the TSST (right column). Each point represents the data from a single participant.
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