Valid conjunction inference with the minimum statistic
- PMID: 15808966
- DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.005
Valid conjunction inference with the minimum statistic
Abstract
In logic a conjunction is defined as an AND between truth statements. In neuroimaging, investigators may look for brain areas activated by task A AND by task B, or a conjunction of tasks (Price, C.J., Friston, K.J., 1997. Cognitive conjunction: a new approach to brain activation experiments. NeuroImage 5, 261-270). Friston et al. (Friston, K., Holmes, A., Price, C., Buchel, C., Worsley, K., 1999. Multisubject fMRI studies and conjunction analyses. NeuroImage 10, 85-396) introduced a minimum statistic test for conjunction. We refer to this method as the minimum statistic compared to the global null (MS/GN). The MS/GN is implemented in SPM2 and SPM99 software, and has been widely used as a test of conjunction. However, we assert that it does not have the correct null hypothesis for a test of logical AND, and further, this has led to confusion in the neuroimaging community. In this paper, we define a conjunction and explain the problem with the MS/GN test as a conjunction method. We present a survey of recent practice in neuroimaging which reveals that the MS/GN test is very often misinterpreted as evidence of a logical AND. We show that a correct test for a logical AND requires that all the comparisons in the conjunction are individually significant. This result holds even if the comparisons are not independent. We suggest that the revised test proposed here is the appropriate means for conjunction inference in neuroimaging.
Comment on
-
Cognitive conjunction: a new approach to brain activation experiments.Neuroimage. 1997 May;5(4 Pt 1):261-70. doi: 10.1006/nimg.1997.0269. Neuroimage. 1997. PMID: 9345555 Clinical Trial.
-
How many subjects constitute a study?Neuroimage. 1999 Jul;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1006/nimg.1999.0439. Neuroimage. 1999. PMID: 10385576
-
Multisubject fMRI studies and conjunction analyses.Neuroimage. 1999 Oct;10(4):385-96. doi: 10.1006/nimg.1999.0484. Neuroimage. 1999. PMID: 10493897
-
Conjunction revisited.Neuroimage. 2005 Apr 15;25(3):661-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.013. Neuroimage. 2005. PMID: 15808967
Similar articles
-
Conjunction revisited.Neuroimage. 2005 Apr 15;25(3):661-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.013. Neuroimage. 2005. PMID: 15808967
-
Mixed-effects and fMRI studies.Neuroimage. 2005 Jan 1;24(1):244-52. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.055. Neuroimage. 2005. PMID: 15588616
-
Combining voxel intensity and cluster extent with permutation test framework.Neuroimage. 2004 Sep;23(1):54-63. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.035. Neuroimage. 2004. PMID: 15325352
-
To smooth or not to smooth? Bias and efficiency in fMRI time-series analysis.Neuroimage. 2000 Aug;12(2):196-208. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0609. Neuroimage. 2000. PMID: 10913325 Review.
-
Statistical limitations in functional neuroimaging. II. Signal detection and statistical inference.Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1999 Jul 29;354(1387):1261-81. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0478. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1999. PMID: 10466150 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
Additive Effects of Monetary Loss and Positive Emotion in the Human Brain.eNeuro. 2024 Apr 17;11(4):ENEURO.0374-23.2024. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0374-23.2024. Print 2024 Apr. eNeuro. 2024. PMID: 38565297 Free PMC article.
-
Risk-Taking Is Associated with Decreased Subjective Value Signals and Increased Prediction Error Signals in the Hot Columbia Card Task.J Neurosci. 2024 May 22;44(21):e1337232024. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1337-23.2024. J Neurosci. 2024. PMID: 38561225
-
Conversational production and comprehension: fMRI-evidence reminiscent of but deviant from the classical Broca-Wernicke model.Cereb Cortex. 2024 Mar 1;34(3):bhae073. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhae073. Cereb Cortex. 2024. PMID: 38501383 Free PMC article.
-
The parieto-occipital cortex is a candidate neural substrate for the human ability to approximate Bayesian inference.Commun Biol. 2024 Feb 9;7(1):165. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-05821-6. Commun Biol. 2024. PMID: 38337012 Free PMC article.
-
Older adults preserve audiovisual integration through enhanced cortical activations, not by recruiting new regions.PLoS Biol. 2024 Feb 6;22(2):e3002494. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002494. eCollection 2024 Feb. PLoS Biol. 2024. PMID: 38319934 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical