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. 2003 Aug;85(2):348-62.
doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.

Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being

James J Gross  1 , Oliver P John
Affiliations

Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being

James J Gross et al. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Aug.

Abstract

Five studies tested two general hypotheses: Individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal and suppression, and these individual differences have implications for affect, well-being, and social relationships. Study 1 presents new measures of the habitual use of reappraisal and suppression. Study 2 examines convergent and discriminant validity. Study 3 shows that reappraisers experience and express greater positive emotion and lesser negative emotion, whereas suppressors experience and express lesser positive emotion, yet experience greater negative emotion. Study 4 indicates that using reappraisal is associated with better interpersonal functioning, whereas using suppression is associated with worse interpersonal functioning. Study 5 shows that using reappraisal is related positively to well-being, whereas using suppression is related negatively.

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