Transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA
- PMID: 11041509
- DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.suppl_2.11
Transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA
Abstract
The physical isolation of mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) over 30 years ago marked the beginning of studies of its structure, replication and the expression of its genetic content. Such analyses have revealed a number of surprises: novel DNA structural features of the circular genome such as the displacement loop (D-loop); multiple sized and deleted forms of the circular genome; a minimal set of mitochondrially encoded rRNAs and tRNAs needed for translation; a bacteriophage-like, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial RNA polymerase for transcription; and a direct linkage between transcription and the commitment to replication of the leading mtDNA strand that centres on the nuclear encoded mitochondrial transcription factor A. One of the more recent revelations is the existence, near the D-loop, of an atypical, stable RNA-DNA hybrid (or R-loop) at the origin of mammalian leading-strand DNA replication, composed of the parent DNA strands and an RNA transcript. In mammalian mitochondrial systems, all of the proteins known to be involved in DNA replication are encoded in the nucleus. Thus alterations and deficiencies in mtDNA replication must arise from mutations in mtDNA regulatory sequences and nuclear gene defects. Further studies of the relationships between nuclear-encoded proteins and their mtDNA target sequences could result in strategies to manipulate genotypes within cellular mtDNA populations.
Similar articles
-
POLRMT regulates the switch between replication primer formation and gene expression of mammalian mtDNA.Sci Adv. 2016 Aug 5;2(8):e1600963. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600963. eCollection 2016 Aug. Sci Adv. 2016. PMID: 27532055 Free PMC article.
-
Replication and transcription of mammalian mitochondrial DNA.Exp Physiol. 2003 Jan;88(1):41-56. doi: 10.1113/eph8802514. Exp Physiol. 2003. PMID: 12525854 Review.
-
Mitochondrial DNA structure and expression in specialized subtypes of mammalian striated muscle.Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Nov;10(11):5671-8. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.11.5671-5678.1990. Mol Cell Biol. 1990. PMID: 1700273 Free PMC article.
-
Regulation of mitochondrial genome replication by hypoxia: The role of DNA oxidation in D-loop region.Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Jul;96:78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.011. Epub 2016 Apr 25. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016. PMID: 27091693 Free PMC article.
-
Mitochondrial DNA damage and its consequences for mitochondrial gene expression.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep-Oct;1819(9-10):979-91. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.06.002. Epub 2012 Jun 19. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012. PMID: 22728831 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
TFAM in mtDNA Homeostasis: Open Questions.DNA (Basel). 2023 Sep;3(3):134-136. doi: 10.3390/dna3030011. Epub 2023 Aug 7. DNA (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37771599 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
-
Mitochondrially mediated RNA interference, a retrograde signaling system affecting nuclear gene expression.Heredity (Edinb). 2024 Mar;132(3):156-161. doi: 10.1038/s41437-023-00650-5. Epub 2023 Sep 15. Heredity (Edinb). 2024. PMID: 37714959
-
Full-length transcriptome profiling of Aphidius gifuensis mitochondrial genome with gene rearrangement and control region duplication.Heliyon. 2023 Jun 8;9(6):e17070. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17070. eCollection 2023 Jun. Heliyon. 2023. PMID: 37484367 Free PMC article.
-
35 Years of TFAM Research: Old Protein, New Puzzles.Biology (Basel). 2023 Jun 6;12(6):823. doi: 10.3390/biology12060823. Biology (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37372108 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The C-Terminal Tail of Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A Is Dispensable for Mitochondrial DNA Replication and Transcription In Situ.Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 29;24(11):9430. doi: 10.3390/ijms24119430. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37298383 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources