Meta-Analysis

. 2019 May;3(5):332-342.

doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30005-7. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

MC1R variants in childhood and adolescent melanoma: a retrospective pooled analysis of a multicentre cohort

Cristina Pellegrini¹, Francesca Botta², Daniela Massi³, Claudia Martorelli¹, Fabio Facchetti⁴, Sara Gandini⁵, Patrick Maisonneuve⁶, Marie-Françoise Avril⁷, Florence Demenais⁸, Brigitte Bressac-de Paillerets⁹, Veronica Hoiom¹⁰, Anne E Cust¹¹, Hoda Anton-Culver¹², Stephen B Gruber¹³, Richard P Gallagher¹⁴, Loraine Marrett¹⁵, Roberto Zanetti¹⁶, Terence Dwyer¹⁷, Nancy E Thomas¹⁸, Colin B Begg¹⁹, Marianne Berwick²⁰, Susana Puig²¹, Miriam Potrony²¹, Eduardo Nagore²², Paola Ghiorzo²³, Chiara Menin²⁴, Ausilia Maria Manganoni²⁵, Monica Rodolfo²⁶, Sonia Brugnara²⁷, Emanuela Passoni²⁸, Lidija Kandolf Sekulovic²⁹, Federica Baldini³⁰, Gabriella Guida³¹, Alexandros Stratigos³², Fezal Ozdemir³³, Fabrizio Ayala³⁴, Ricardo Fernandez-de-Misa³⁵, Pietro Quaglino³⁶, Gloria Ribas³⁷, Antonella Romanini³⁸, Emilia Migliano³⁹, Ignazio Stanganelli⁴⁰, Peter A Kanetsky⁴¹, Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta⁴², Jose Carlos García-Borrón⁴³, Hongmei Nan⁴⁴, Maria Teresa Landi⁴⁵, Julian Little⁴⁶, Julia Newton-Bishop⁴⁷, Francesco Sera⁴⁸, Maria Concetta Fargnoli¹, Sara Raimondi⁴⁹; IMI Study Group; GEM Study Group; M-SKIP Study Group

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Mauro Alaibac, Andrea Ferrari, Barbara Valeri, Mariacristina Sicher, Daniela Mangiola, Gianluca Nazzaro, Giulio Tosti, Giovanni Mazzarol, Giuseppe Giudice, Simone Ribero, Chiara Astrua, Antonella Romanini, Laura Mazzoni, Irene Orlow, Urvi Mujumdar, Amanda Hummer, Klaus Busam, Pampa Roy, Rebecca Canchola, Brian Clas, Javiar Cotignola, Yvette Monroe, Bruce Armstrong, Anne Kricker, Melisa Litchfield, Paul Tucker, Nicola Stephens, Teresa Switzer, Beth Theis, Lynn From, Noori Chowdhury, Louise Vanasse, Mark Purdue, David Northrup, Stefano Rosso, Carlotta Sacerdote, Nancy Leighton, Maureen Gildea, Joe Bonner, Joanne Jeter, Judith Klotz, Homer Wilcox, Helen Weiss, Robert Millikan, Dianne Mattingly, Jon Player, Chiu-Kit Tse, Timothy Rebbeck, Amy Walker, Saarene Panossian, Richard Setlow, Harvey Mohrenweiser, Philippe Autier, Jiali Han, Saverio Caini, Albert Hofman, Manfred Kayser, Fan Liu, Tamar Nijsten, Andre G Uitterlinden, Rajiv Kumar, Tim Bishop, Faye Elliott, DeAnn Lazovich, David Polsky, Johan Hansson, Lorenza Pastorino, Nelleke A Gruis, Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck, Paula Aguilera, Celia Badenas, Cristina Carrera, Pol Gimenez-Xavier, Josep Malvehy, Joan Anton Puig-Butille, Gemma Tell-Marti, Leigh Blizzard, Jennifer Cochrane, Wojciech Branicki, Tadeusz Debniak, Niels Morling, Peter Johansen, Susan Mayne, Allen Bale, Brenda Cartmel, Leah Ferrucci, Ruth Pfeiffer, Giuseppe Palmieri, Katerina Kypreou, Anne Bowcock, Lynn Cornelius, M Laurin Council, Tomonori Motokawa, Sumiko Anno, Per Helsing, Per Arne Andresen, Stefania Guida, Terence H Wong

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dermatology and Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
² Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
³ Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁴ Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
⁵ Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
⁶ Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
⁷ APHP, Dermatology Department, Hôpital Cochin and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
⁸ Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit (UMR-946), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.
⁹ Department of Biopathology and INSERM, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
¹⁰ Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹¹ Sydney School of Public Health and Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹² Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
¹³ USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹⁴ British Columbia Cancer and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹⁵ Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
¹⁶ Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy.
¹⁷ George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁸ Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
²⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
²¹ Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain.
²² Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain.
²³ Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
²⁴ Diagnostic Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
²⁵ Department of Dermatology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
²⁶ Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
²⁷ Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
²⁸ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
²⁹ Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
³⁰ Division of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Cancer, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
³¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
³² 1st Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
³³ Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey.
³⁴ Melanoma Unit, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli, Italia.
³⁵ Dermatology Service, University Hospital Nuestra Senora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
³⁶ Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
³⁷ Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain.
³⁸ US Ambulatori Melanomi, Sarcomi e Tumori Rari, UO Oncologia Medica 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy.
³⁹ Plastic Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁰ Skin Cancer Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer and University of Parma, Meldola, Italy.
⁴¹ Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
⁴² University of Trieste, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
⁴³ Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
⁴⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
⁴⁵ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴⁶ School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁴⁷ Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Research at St James', University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
⁴⁸ Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
⁴⁹ Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: sara.raimondi@ieo.it.

PMID: 30872112
PMCID: PMC6942319
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30005-7

Meta-Analysis

MC1R variants in childhood and adolescent melanoma: a retrospective pooled analysis of a multicentre cohort

Cristina Pellegrini et al. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 May.

. 2019 May;3(5):332-342.

doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30005-7. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Authors

Collaborators

Mauro Alaibac, Andrea Ferrari, Barbara Valeri, Mariacristina Sicher, Daniela Mangiola, Gianluca Nazzaro, Giulio Tosti, Giovanni Mazzarol, Giuseppe Giudice, Simone Ribero, Chiara Astrua, Antonella Romanini, Laura Mazzoni, Irene Orlow, Urvi Mujumdar, Amanda Hummer, Klaus Busam, Pampa Roy, Rebecca Canchola, Brian Clas, Javiar Cotignola, Yvette Monroe, Bruce Armstrong, Anne Kricker, Melisa Litchfield, Paul Tucker, Nicola Stephens, Teresa Switzer, Beth Theis, Lynn From, Noori Chowdhury, Louise Vanasse, Mark Purdue, David Northrup, Stefano Rosso, Carlotta Sacerdote, Nancy Leighton, Maureen Gildea, Joe Bonner, Joanne Jeter, Judith Klotz, Homer Wilcox, Helen Weiss, Robert Millikan, Dianne Mattingly, Jon Player, Chiu-Kit Tse, Timothy Rebbeck, Amy Walker, Saarene Panossian, Richard Setlow, Harvey Mohrenweiser, Philippe Autier, Jiali Han, Saverio Caini, Albert Hofman, Manfred Kayser, Fan Liu, Tamar Nijsten, Andre G Uitterlinden, Rajiv Kumar, Tim Bishop, Faye Elliott, DeAnn Lazovich, David Polsky, Johan Hansson, Lorenza Pastorino, Nelleke A Gruis, Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck, Paula Aguilera, Celia Badenas, Cristina Carrera, Pol Gimenez-Xavier, Josep Malvehy, Joan Anton Puig-Butille, Gemma Tell-Marti, Leigh Blizzard, Jennifer Cochrane, Wojciech Branicki, Tadeusz Debniak, Niels Morling, Peter Johansen, Susan Mayne, Allen Bale, Brenda Cartmel, Leah Ferrucci, Ruth Pfeiffer, Giuseppe Palmieri, Katerina Kypreou, Anne Bowcock, Lynn Cornelius, M Laurin Council, Tomonori Motokawa, Sumiko Anno, Per Helsing, Per Arne Andresen, Stefania Guida, Terence H Wong

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dermatology and Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
² Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
³ Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁴ Pathology Section, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
⁵ Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
⁶ Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
⁷ APHP, Dermatology Department, Hôpital Cochin and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
⁸ Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit (UMR-946), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.
⁹ Department of Biopathology and INSERM, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
¹⁰ Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹¹ Sydney School of Public Health and Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹² Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
¹³ USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹⁴ British Columbia Cancer and Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
¹⁵ Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada.
¹⁶ Piedmont Cancer Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology in Piedmont, Turin, Italy.
¹⁷ George Institute for Global Health, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁸ Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
²⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
²¹ Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain.
²² Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain.
²³ Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
²⁴ Diagnostic Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
²⁵ Department of Dermatology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
²⁶ Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
²⁷ Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy.
²⁸ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
²⁹ Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
³⁰ Division of Melanoma, Sarcoma and Rare Cancer, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
³¹ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
³² 1st Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
³³ Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey.
³⁴ Melanoma Unit, Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Fondazione G Pascale, Napoli, Italia.
³⁵ Dermatology Service, University Hospital Nuestra Senora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
³⁶ Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
³⁷ Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Fundación Investigación Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain.
³⁸ US Ambulatori Melanomi, Sarcomi e Tumori Rari, UO Oncologia Medica 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Santa Chiara, Pisa, Italy.
³⁹ Plastic Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁰ Skin Cancer Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer and University of Parma, Meldola, Italy.
⁴¹ Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
⁴² University of Trieste, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
⁴³ Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
⁴⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
⁴⁵ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁴⁶ School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁴⁷ Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Research at St James', University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
⁴⁸ Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
⁴⁹ Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: sara.raimondi@ieo.it.

PMID: 30872112
PMCID: PMC6942319
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30005-7

Abstract

Background: Germline variants in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) might increase the risk of childhood and adolescent melanoma, but a clear conclusion is challenging because of the low number of studies and cases. We assessed the association of MC1R variants with childhood and adolescent melanoma in a large study comparing the prevalence of MC1R variants in child or adolescent patients with melanoma to that in adult patients with melanoma and in healthy adult controls.

Methods: In this retrospective pooled analysis, we used the M-SKIP Project, the Italian Melanoma Intergroup, and other European groups (with participants from Australia, Canada, France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and the USA) to assemble an international multicentre cohort. We gathered phenotypic and genetic data from children or adolescents diagnosed with sporadic single-primary cutaneous melanoma at age 20 years or younger, adult patients with sporadic single-primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed at age 35 years or older, and healthy adult individuals as controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) for childhood and adolescent melanoma associated with MC1R variants by multivariable logistic regression. Subgroup analysis was done for children aged 18 or younger and 14 years or younger.

Findings: We analysed data from 233 young patients, 932 adult patients, and 932 healthy adult controls. Children and adolescents had higher odds of carrying MC1R r variants than did adult patients (OR 1·54, 95% CI 1·02-2·33), including when analysis was restricted to patients aged 18 years or younger (1·80, 1·06-3·07). All investigated variants, except Arg160Trp, tended, to varying degrees, to have higher frequencies in young patients than in adult patients, with significantly higher frequencies found for Val60Leu (OR 1·60, 95% CI 1·05-2·44; p=0·04) and Asp294His (2·15, 1·05-4·40; p=0·04). Compared with those of healthy controls, young patients with melanoma had significantly higher frequencies of any MC1R variants.

Interpretation: Our pooled analysis of MC1R genetic data of young patients with melanoma showed that MC1R r variants were more prevalent in childhood and adolescent melanoma than in adult melanoma, especially in patients aged 18 years or younger. Our findings support the role of MC1R in childhood and adolescent melanoma susceptibility, with a potential clinical relevance for developing early melanoma detection and preventive strategies.

Funding: SPD-Pilot/Project-Award-2015; AIRC-MFAG-11831.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Authors have no conflicts of interest

Figures

**Figure 1.. Flow chart of melanoma cases included in the analysis and their geographical area of recruitment.**
A, adult melanoma patients; Ch/Ad, children/adolescents melanoma patients; CM, cutaneous melanoma; Co, unaffected controls; *MC1R*, melanocortin-1 receptor gene.

**Figure 2.. Covariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) for the association between any *MC1R* variants, R and r variants and childhood/adolescent melanoma compared to adulthood melanoma.**
All the OR were adjusted by sex, matching stratum variable, melanoma body site and histopathological subtype, hair color and skin type. For each OR, the comparison groups included childhood/adolescent patients frequency matched 4:1 with adult cases by study/geographical area. The reference category for OR were *MC1R* wild-type (WT) subjects. Number of children/adolescents and adults reported here are the total number of subjects included in each analysis, independently by *MC1R* status. Note that for the analysis on any R variant vs WT, subjects carrying only r variants were excluded, and vice versa for the analysis on any r variant vs WT. ^aOR calculated on the subgroup of subjects with confirmed diagnosis of melanoma after centralized pathological review of glass slides. ^bOR calculated on the whole sample of N=233 childhood/adolescent cases. ^cOR corrected by probability of misdiagnosis combining information from OR(a) and OR(b) as previously suggested. *MC1R,* melanocortin-1 receptor; CI, Confidence Intervals; OR, Odds Ratio. R variants include the D84E, R142H, R151C, I155T, R160W, D294H and other rare variants classified as R according to the algorithm proposed by Davies et al (2012); r variants include the V60L, V92M, R163Q and other rare variants classified as r according to the algorithm proposed by Davies et al (2012).

**Figure 3.. Covariable-adjusted OR (95%CI) for the association between the nine most prevalent *MC1R* variants and childhood/adolescent melanoma compared to adulthood melanoma.**
All the OR were adjusted by sex, matching stratum variable, cancer body site and histological type, hair color and skin type. For each OR, the comparison groups included childhood/adolescent patients frequency matched 4:1 with adult cases by study/geographical area. The reference category for OR were *MC1R* wild-type (WT) subjects. Number of children/adolescents and adults reported here are the total number of subjects included in each analysis, independently by *MC1R* status. Note that for the analysis on each variant vs WT, subjects carrying only other *MC1R* variants were excluded. ^aOR calculated on the subgroup of subjects with confirmed diagnosis of melanoma after centralized pathological review of glass slides. ^bOR calculated on the whole sample of N=233 childhood/adolescent cases. ^cOR corrected by probability of misdiagnosis combining information from OR(a) and OR(b) as previously suggested. MC1R, melanocortin-1 receptor; CI, Confidence Intervals; NC, not calculable; OR, Odds Ratio. R variants include the D84E, R142H, R151C, I155T, R160W, D294H and other rare variants classified as R according to the algorithm proposed by Davies et al (2012); r variants include the V60L, V92M, R163Q and other rare variants classified as r according to the algorithm proposed by Davies et al (2012).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

MC1R minor variants and the multiple pathways to melanoma.
Duffy D. Duffy D. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 May;3(5):287-288. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30026-4. Epub 2019 Mar 12. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019. PMID: 30872113 No abstract available.

Cited by

Topical Treatment of Melanoma In Situ, Lentigo Maligna, and Lentigo Maligna Melanoma with Imiquimod Cream: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Vaienti S, Calzari P, Nazzaro G. Vaienti S, et al. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2023 Oct;13(10):2187-2215. doi: 10.1007/s13555-023-00993-1. Epub 2023 Aug 24. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2023. PMID: 37615838 Free PMC article. Review.
Dermoscopic Criteria, Histopathological Correlates and Genetic Findings of Thin Melanoma on Non-Volar Skin.
Massone C, Hofman-Wellenhof R, Chiodi S, Sola S. Massone C, et al. Genes (Basel). 2021 Aug 23;12(8):1288. doi: 10.3390/genes12081288. Genes (Basel). 2021. PMID: 34440462 Free PMC article. Review.
Behind the Scene: Exploiting MC1R in Skin Cancer Risk and Prevention.
Manganelli M, Guida S, Ferretta A, Pellacani G, Porcelli L, Azzariti A, Guida G. Manganelli M, et al. Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul 19;12(7):1093. doi: 10.3390/genes12071093. Genes (Basel). 2021. PMID: 34356109 Free PMC article. Review.
The Genetic Germline Background of Single and Multiple Primary Melanomas.
De Summa S, Lasorella A, Strippoli S, Giudice G, Guida G, Elia R, Nacchiero E, Azzariti A, Silvestris N, Guida M, Guida S, Tommasi S, Pinto R. De Summa S, et al. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Mar 5;7:555630. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.555630. eCollection 2020. Front Mol Biosci. 2021. PMID: 33748184 Free PMC article.
Skin pigmentation and its control: From ultraviolet radiation to stem cells.
Yardman-Frank JM, Fisher DE. Yardman-Frank JM, et al. Exp Dermatol. 2021 Apr;30(4):560-571. doi: 10.1111/exd.14260. Epub 2020 Dec 24. Exp Dermatol. 2021. PMID: 33320376 Free PMC article. Review.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Nikolaou V, Stratigos AJ. Emerging trends in the epidemiology of melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170: 11–9. - PubMed
1. Strouse JJ, Fears TR, Tucker MA, Wayne AS. Pediatric melanoma: risk factor and survival analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 4735–41. - PubMed
1. Austin MT, Xing Y, Hayes-Jordan AA, Lally KP, Cormier JN. Melanoma incidence rises for children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review of pediatric melanoma in the United States. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48: 2207–13. - PubMed
1. LaChance A, Shahriari M, Kerr PE, Grant-Kels JM. Melanoma: Kids are not just little people. Clin Dermatol 2016; 34: 742–8. - PubMed
1. Lorimer PD, White RL, Walsh K, et al. Pediatric and Adolescent Melanoma: A National Cancer Data Base Update. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23: 4058–66. - PubMed

Publication types

Actions
Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

MC1R variants in childhood and adolescent melanoma: a retrospective pooled analysis of a multicentre cohort

Collaborators

Affiliations

MC1R variants in childhood and adolescent melanoma: a retrospective pooled analysis of a multicentre cohort

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Comment in

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Comment in

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Related information

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical