Importance There were an estimated 247 million rural-to-urban migrant workers in China in
2016, yet at a national level, there is scant evidence on the association of migration with
mental health among migrants and their left-behind family members. Objective To examine
the association of rural-to-urban migration with symptoms of depression among migrants
and left-behind family members aged 45 years and older. Design, Setting, and Participants
Using representative cross-sectional data of 14 332 middle-aged and older adults from the�…