Microbial production of aromatic chemicals would greatly contribute to solving the problems with fossil resource supply and environmentally sustainable development. Engineering and extending the shikimate/aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathways are important routes for microbial production of various aromatic chemicals. With advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, we can broaden the product spectrum and obtain several valuable and novel aromatic chemicals from renewable feedstocks. Here, in this review, the latest research progress on microbial production of various aromatic chemicals, and recent metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies targeting the central carbon metabolism, the shikimate and aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathways are summarized and discussed. This work aims to provide some valuable tips for the construction of cost‐effective engineered strains for producing various aromatic chemicals. � 2018 Society of Chemical Industry