Although philosophers, psychologists, artists, and poets have been interested in the nature and origin of passionate love throughout the ages, only in the 1960s have social psychologists begun to systematically investigate its complexity (Berscheid & Hatfield 1969, Hatfield & Rapson 1993, Hatfield & Rapson 2009). And in the last decade did social neuroscientists begin to contribute to a better understanding of passionate love by unraveling its specific network in the human brain (Ortigue et al. 2010 for review). In the present article, we review what social psychologists and social neuroscientists have learned about the complex phenomenon of passionate love, present the most relevant data on human brain network (as shown by electroencephalogram and/or functional magnetic resonance imaging), which is thought to be involved in the physiology of passionate love, and compare the neuroimaging results with other types of love (such as maternal love). Based on recent neuroimaging findings, passionate love does not only activate subcortical brain areas mediating basic emotions, reward or motivation, but also higher-order cortical brain areas that are involved in social cognition, attention, memory, mental associations, and self-representation.