Background: Maintaining thyroid homeostasis during pregnancy is essential for normal fetal
growth and development. Growing evidence suggests that phthalates interfere with normal
thyroid function. Few human studies have investigated the degree to which phthalates may
affect thyroid hormone levels in particularly susceptible populations such as pregnant
women. Objectives: We examined the associations between repeated measures of urinary
phthalate metabolites and plasma thyroid hormone levels in samples collected at up to four�…