Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome of diverse etiologies and can be associated with
preserved, reduced, or mid-range ejection fraction (EF). In the community, heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is emerging as the most common form of HF. There
remains considerable uncertainty regarding its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and optimal
therapeutic approach. Hypotheses have been advanced to explain the underlying
pathophysiology responsible for HFpEF, but to date, no specific therapy based on these�…